MOLLUSCA. 
233 
the distinction of species and varieties. The great nierit of the 
work is not only the actual increase of the number of British 
species (many being due to the personal researches of the au- 
thor), but the large amount of information regarding the habits 
and geographical distribution of the several species, the result of 
long study and indefatigable energy, which extended beyond the 
United Kingdom to parts of Germany and Italy. 
The first volume contains a copious introduction, giving 
detailed information on the general objeets of conchology, and 
treating in separate chapters of classification, organization, and 
habits, growth and composition of the shells, relations to man- 
kind and animals, geographical distribution and habitat. The 
numerous poetical quotations form the only portion of the work 
which might be missed without inconvenience. 
The British species not contained in the work of Forbes and 
Hanley are the following : — 
Vol. I. SpTiccHum ovale (Fer,), Pisidium roseum (Scholtz), Vertigo mou- 
Knsiana (Dupuy). 
Vol. II. Argiope decollata (Ohemn.), A. capsula (Jeffr.), Pecten testce (Bi- 
vona), Lima sarsii (Loven), L. clliptica (Jefir.), Lwiopsis aurita (Brocchi), 
a genus not previously known as British, Ar ea ohliqua (Phil.), Lepton sidca- 
tulum (Jeffr.) and L. clarldce (Clark), Axinus croulinensis (Jeffr.), Cardium 
papillosum (Poli). 
Vol. III. Necera rostrata (Spengler), Panopcea plicata (Montagu), Teredo 
pedicellata (Quatref.), Lepeta creca (Miill.), Troclius amahilis (Jeffr.), T. du- 
mmy i (R^cluz). 
The synonymy contains much new information as far as 
British authors are concerned, and is frequently founded on in- 
spection of the typical specimens. But we cannot always agree 
with the author in his references to foreign works ; for instance, 
in the following cases : — 
Vol. i. pp. 132-136. Umax mar ginatus (Muller) is L. «r5onm (Bouchard), 
common in Norway, as we have shown in Malakozool. Blatt. iii. 1866, p. 77. 
L. marginatus (Drap.) is different from it and identical with L. sowerhii 
(F«5r.), which name ought to he retained. Both occur in the southern part 
of Germany, L. arhorum more frequently than L. sowet byi. 
Vol. i. p. 214. Jlelix caperata does not range through Germany,” hut 
is foreign to it. The nearest approach it makes to Germany is in the hota- 
nical garden at Brussels, as far as we know (INIalak. Bl. vi. I860, p. 217). 
JTelix nilssoniana is hy no means synonymous with Jl. ericetorum, hut identical 
with H. striata of Ad. Schmidt (Ziegl.), as we have shown from 
Swedish specimens, ibid. p. 122. This and H. candidula (Stud.) are the 
only true German species which can he confounded with H. caperata on su- 
perficial examination. 
Vol. iii. pp. 311 h 312. Trochus cinerarius (L.) does not occur in the 
Mediterranean or in the Black Sea ; Mediterranean authors, misled hy their 
desire of recognizing the Linnean species, have ap^ilied that name to species 
