388 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
ties, &c., is published in Silliman^s ^ American Journal/ Sep- 
tember 1865, and reprinted in Ann. &Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd ser. 
xvi. pp. 383, 384. 
Liais has published some notes on the action of the wings in 
the flight of insects. Comptes Rendus, November 28, 1864, 
p. 907 ; translated in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd ser. xv. 
pp. 155-159. 
Pascoe publishes some observations on the occurrence of 
various insects on the snow-fields of Monte Moro (8000 feet). 
The insects weve Diptera and Ichneumonidie, and they were 
found lying each in a cylindrical hole in the snow. Proc. Ent. 
Soc. 1865, p. 90. 
Girard communicates the results of some experiments in rearing cater- 
pillars of Vanessa uHicce. In one set the transformations took place with 
great rapidit}'^, and the butterflies produced were nearly all dwarfs. Girard 
attributes this to unfavourable conditions of air and light. Balbiani thinks 
that the rapid development and small size have a common cause in excess of 
heat, which is confirmed by the observations of Dares te upon Birds. A 
second set of larvae reared by Girard were attacked by various parasites, 
especially Butomobice^ and, the pupa presented filaments of cryptogamic 
plants, the spores of which were probably introduced among the caterpillars 
by the parasites. Grenier remarks upon the parasitic Cryptogamia infesting 
these and other insects. Bull. Soc. .Ent. Fr. 18G6, pp. xxxvi-xxxyiii. 
Paris indicates some exceptions to the rule that the development of 
insects is hastened by heat. 
SiCHFX remarks on the early appearance of Hymenoptera in warm seasons. 
Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1866, p. xxxix. 
On some examples of Fungi parasitic on Indian Lepidopterous 
insects, see Moore, Proc. Ent. Soc. 1865, p. 89. 
Goureau communicated to the French Entomological Society 
some remarks on the occurrence of Nematode Avorms {Gordius 
and Mermis) in insects of various orders, and on the presence of 
larvae of insects in ulcers and in the nasal fossae of man. From 
the latter he takes occasion to recommend the study of ento- 
mology to medical men. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1865, pp. xv-xvi. 
Pascoe has discussed the practice of changing the names of 
genera on account of similarity of sound, and maintains, with 
great justice, that this has been carried out by many Avriters in 
such a manner as to lead to much confusion and inconvenience. 
In this view he was supported by Westwood and Saunders. 
Proc. Ent. Soc. 1865, pp. 85-87. 
Gasselin de Bompart communicates a mode of preserving 
collections and destroying any insects that may infest them. 
His process consists in exposing the collection to the vapour of 
coal-tar in a closed glass case : the destructive larvte are killed 
by this means ; and the collection acquires a strong odour, Avhich 
