58^ 
zoological J.ITEHATURE. 
of the Malayan region is only 2^700,000 square miles^ of which 
the land constitutes about IjQOO^OOO. The author indicates 
that this may be accounted for in part by the favourable con- 
ditions presented for the segregation and perpetuation of local 
peculiarities in certain groups by the breaking up of a district 
into small isolated portions. 
One of the most singular facts adduced by Mr. Wallace is 
that in the island of Celebes nearly all the Papilionides have 
the wings falcate, as shown by a series of outlines exhibiting the 
costal margin and apex of several species from Celebes, com^ 
pared with the same parts of the most nearly allied species from 
other islands. The same phenomenon is presented by the Pie- 
rides j and the author endeavours to account for it by the suppo- 
sition that these insects were at some time exposed in Celebes 
to the attacks of some particular enemy, which could only be 
avoided by a rapidly tortuous flight. Under these circumstances 
he thinks the individuals with the more falcate wings would have 
the best chance of escaping, and thus, in accordance with the 
principles of natural selection, would give origin to permanent 
falcate forms. 
With regard to mimetic resemblances the author agrees with 
his former associate, Mr. Bates, in considering that the purpose 
of this is in some way to protect the mimetic fonu. He adduces 
fifteen cases of the kind as occurring among the Malayan P«- 
piliones ; in eight of these the species mimicked are Danaides. 
The Malayan Papilionides belong to the three genera Or- 
nithoptera, Papilio, and Leptocircus — the first divided into three, 
and the second into sixteen groups by the author (p. 23) , The 
three groups of Ornithoptera are the Priamus-, Pompem-i 
Brookeanus-^xoxx^^, The groups of Papilio are as follows 
A, Larva short, thick,- with numerous fleshy tubercles j purplish. 
Nox-y Coon-y and Polydm'us-gxo^x^a. 
B, Itarva with third segment swollen, transversely or obliquely banded ; 
pupa much bent. Imago with abdominal margin in <5 plaited, but not 
reflexed j body weak ; antennae long ; wings much dilated, often tailed. 
Ulysses-y Pevantlim-y Memnon-y Helenus-y ErectJieus-y Pammon-y and De- 
?no//(W-groups. 
0. Larva subcylindrical, variously coloured. Imago with abdominal 
margin in (S plaited, but not reflexed j body weak y antennae short, with a 
thick, curved club j wings entire. : 
Erithonms-y Pamdoxa-y and J9i!ss«mi/wjgroup3. 
D. Larva elongate, attenuate behindjj and often bifid ; with lateral and 
oblique pale stripes, green. Imago with the abdominal margin in ($ reflexed, 
woolly or hairy within j anal valves small, hairy; antennae short, stout; 
body stout. 
Macarius-y Antiphates-y and Enrypylus-^vow^a. 
Kirby has published (Ann. Soc. Ent. Er. 4^ sdr. tom. v. pp. 321-330) a 
catalogue of the European species of Butterflies of which the laryee are either 
