672 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Girard publishes a further note on Rhaphidia in the Bull. Soc. Ent. Er. 
1865, p. XXX. In this he refers to two works omitted in his list, and com- 
municates some observations made by M. Juste Bigot on the transformations 
of R. ophiopsis, from which it would appear that the insect is active in all 
stages. 
Rhaphidia ophiopsis (Schum.) is described by Wallengren as a newly de- 
tected Swedish species. QEfvers. Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1865, p. 143. 
E. Pictet (N^vr. d’Esp. pi. 5) figures Rhaphidia hispanica (Bamb.), figs. 1-6, 
R: cognata (Ramb.), figs. 7-9, and R. hcetica (Rainb.), figs. 10-15. 
SlALIDiE. 
Sialis fidic/inosa. MJ^achlan describes this species as newly discovered in 
Britain. Ent. M. Mag. ii. pp. 107-108, and Proc. Ent. Soc. 1865, p. 112. 
Sialis nigripes, sp. n., E. Pictet, 1. c. p. 52, pi. 4. figs. 1-5, from San Ilde- 
fonso. 
Panorpidas. 
Ranorpa meridionalis (Ramb.), figured by Pictet, 1. c. pi. 8. figs. 9-12. 
PlIRYGANIDAS. 
M^Laciilan, in his monograph of the British Trichoptera (Ent. 
Trans. 3rd scr. vol. v. pp. 1-184), treats this group as constitu- 
ting an order of insects, the characters and general habits of 
which he describes. The classification adopted is nearly that of 
Hagen, except that the family Choetopterggidee is suppressed, its 
members being amalgamated with the Limnephilidee. 
The following known species of this family are figured by Pictet (Nevr. 
d’Espagne) ; — Limnophila suhmacidata (Ramb.), pi. 4. figs. 9-12 j Sericostoma 
vittatum (Ramb.), pi. 10. figs. 1-11 ; S. festivum (Ramb.), pi. 10. figs. 12-20 \ 
Goera hasalis (Kol.), pi. 12. figs. 1-7 ; Mgstacides ferruginea (Ramb.), pi. 13, 
figs. 1-6 j Hydropsyche stictica (Hag.), pi. 14. figs. 1-7. 
Hagen publishes (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1865, pp. 205-207) a bibliographical ac- 
count of the descriptions of cases of Helicopsyche published in America under 
the supposition that these objects were shells of Mollusca. The cases have 
been described by different authors under the names of Valvata arenifera and 
Paludina or Amnicola lustrica. The latter has been declared by Frauenfeld 
to be a true Paludina j but Hagen states, from an inspection of specimens in 
Bunker’s collection, that it is a case of Hdicopsyche. In the hope that, by 
directing the attention of American entomologists to this subject, we may ac- 
quire some information as to the anitnal constructing these spiral cases, Hagen 
gives the following lists of the recorded localities in which they occur : — 
Valvata arenifera, Cumberland River near Nashville, New York, Massachu- 
setts; Paludina lustrica, Vermont, Maine, Wisconsin, Boston, Cincinnati, 
Ohio, Lancaster County, Herkimer, and Ostego County. 
Frauenfeld (Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien, xv. p. 265) reiterates his 
opinion that Paludina lustrica (Say) is a true Amnicola and not the case of a 
Hdicopsyche. 
Bland (Ann. Lyc. New York, vol. viii. pp. 144-145) has called attention 
to the resemblance between the cases of Hdicopsyche aiid shells of Vuhatce, 
