NEUROPTERA. 
673 
ami to ono or two instances in which they have been mistalcen for the latter, 
including the form described in October 1864 by Griippj^, under the name of 
Valvata agglutinans, from Trinidad (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 245). The 
author has obtained, from Troy, N. Y., living specimens of larvae inhabiting 
these spiral cases, and has bred the perfect insect from them. This has been 
sent to Dr. Hagen for description. The remainder of Bland’s paper is occu- 
pied with a long quotation from the Recorder’s translation of Siebold’s 
^ True Parthenogenesis ’ relating to this subject, pp. 28-30, note. 
Brauer (Verhandl. zool.-bot. Gesellscli. in Wien, xv. pp. 975-977) 
indicates the general characters of the larvae and pupae found in a Ilclico^ 
jp.^yc/jc-case from Ceylon, collected during the voyage of the ^Novara.’ The 
case resembles the shell of a Cyclohis, and the larva and pupa present the 
closest similarity to those of the Sencostomidee. The pupa shows only a 
single spur on the anterior tibiae. Brauer considers that the insects forming 
the genus Jldicopsyche will be found to belong to the Sericostomidee. 
Hagen (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1865, pp. 232-233) gives some addenda to the bi- 
bliographical part of his memoir on the cases of Thryqanida: published in 
1864. 
Hagen (Stett. ent. Zeit. 1865, pp. 207-2 13)'publishes translations of Costa’s 
descriptions of species of Italian PhryganideSj which appeared in the Ann. Ac- 
cad. Aspir. Natur., and in his Memorie Entom. in 1847, and in Memor. Accad. 
Sci. di Napoli in 1857. The insects described are : — Plirygama elegam 
(Piet.), var. ; Plirygama maculata (Costa), perhaps — nohills 
(Kol.), according to Hagen; P. testacea {pfmQl.^—Lhnnephilus Jiamcornis 
(Fab.), in Hagen’s opinion ; P. fuUginosa (Costa), position doubtful ; Hydros 
psyche pictetii (Costa) belongs to Poly centr opus ; Lasiocephala (g. n.) taurus 
(Costa) = 3/brmowea basalts (Kol.), according to Hagen. 
Hagen afterwards {1. c. pp. 213-214) discusses the present state of our 
knowledge of the Phryganidee of Italy. The numbers of recorded species in 
the works of various authors are as follows : — 6 by Costa, 9 by Rossi, 4 by 
Schneider, 2 by Hagen, and 10 by Kolenati (Hagen’s collection contains 8 
species) : total 31. But this number must be reduced at least one-third, on 
account of the application of different names to the same species. Thus only 
about 20 species of Italian Pliryganidce are known, out of about 200 which 
may be estimated to inhabit that country. 
Walseu, in his TrichopteraBavarica” (Jahresber. Nat. Ver. Augsb. xvii.), 
refers to those conditions of the surface of tipper Bavaria which he regards 
as particularly favourable to the development of insects of this family, and 
indicates the connexion between this study and superficial geology. As his 
memoir is almost entirely devoted to the consideration of the larvce, he 
classifies these objects as follows : — ■ 
A. Larvae living in running water. RnYACOPiriLiE. 
I. Building with animals. Zoolcgce. 
H. Building with plants. Phytolegce, 
HI. Building with minerals. Mimrolegce. 
a. With small stones. Chalicolega>. 
b. With sand. Psammolegce. 
B. Larvae living in standing water. LiMNOPHiLiE. 
(Subdivisions as above.) 
1865 . [voL. II.] 
X 
