740 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
cida, but resembles very much that met with among the Echino- 
derms. The integumental pores of the Nematoids he com- 
pares to the ambulacral and other pores met with among tlie 
Echinoderms. He Avould regard the Nematoidea as an aber- 
rant division of the class Echiiiodermata, connecting it^ how- 
ever,, with the Scolecida ; and though in some points they show 
close affinities to the Echinoderms^, stilly as regards the structure 
and different modifications of their ventral excretory apparatus^ 
they agree more closely with the Trematoda. 
Boogaard. Over het voorkomen van bandwormen te Leiden. 
Versl. en Mededeel. Akad. Amsterdam^ 1865^ pp. 212-214. 
CoBBOLi), T. S. On Animal Individuality from an entozoo- 
logical point of view. Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. viii. Zool. 
pp. 163-169. 
The author gives a philosophical explanation of the agamo- 
genetic or non^sexual phenomena of development as they occur 
in Eiitozoa generally. He separates the phenomena into life- 
epochs,, whicli he calls biotomes/^ and which may be primary, 
secondary, or tertiary in certain species. He gives tabular 
views of these life-stages, and contrasts them in different para- 
sites. If the principles of interpretation be accepted, the 
results obtained by this method are certainly very curious. 
~. Bemarks on the best Methods of displaying Entozoa 
in Museums. L. c. pp. 170-172. 
A short paper describing the plan which the author has pur- 
sued in revising and enlarging the important collection of Ento- 
zoa contained in the Museum of the Boyal College of Surgeons 
of England. 
. New Entozootic Malady; being observations on the 
probable introduction of parasitic diseases by sewage utili- 
zation. London, 1865 (pp. 15). 
In this brochure the author especially dwells upon the Bil~ 
harzia hcematobia, and gives proofs of its existence in England, 
in man and in a monkey {Cercopithecus fuliginosu$) imported 
from Afrdca. 
. On the Production of Cystic Entozoa in the Calf (with 
Prof. J. B. Simonds). Proc. Roy. Soc. May 4, 1865. 
In this memoir the authors confirm the researches of Lcuckart 
and Mosler respecting the source of the larva3 of Tcenia medio- 
canellata. By administering the proglottides of this tapeworm 
to a calf they succeeded in rearing several thousand larvie {Cys- 
ticercus bovis, Cobbold) . The experimental animal almost suc- 
cumbed to the so-called acute cestode tuberculosis^^ thus pro- 
duced, but it ultimately recovered. The animal was killed at 
