ECniNODERMATA. 
753 
noclcrmata. Part 1. Criiioiclca, Opliiuroidea, Asteroidea. 
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1865, pp. 98-129. 
Stuart, A. Ueber die Gewebe der Echinodermen. Zeitscbr. f. 
wiss. Zool. XV. 1865, pp. 104-105, taf. vii. figs. 14 & 15. 
Thomson, W. On the Embryogeny of Antedon rosaceus, Linck 
{Comatula rosacea, Lamarck). Phil. Trans. 1865, pp. 513 
-544. pis. 23-27. 
Verrill, a. E. Preservation of Starfishes with their natural 
colours. Silliman’s Journal, March 1865 ; Ann. & Mag. 
Nat. Hist. May 1865, p. 436. 
Immerse the living Echinoderms in alcohol of moderate 
strength for a minute or two, and then dry them rapidly by arti- 
ficial heat. This is best effected by placing them upon a cloth 
stretched tightly on a frame and held over a stove. The heat 
must be kept below that of boiling water. 
Walker, R. ' Note on Ophiolepis gracilis (Allman) from the 
Brick-clajT^ of Seafield. Ann. &Mag. Nat. Hist. Jan. 1864, 
p. 111. 
Mr. R. Walker gives some further details relative to this in- 
teresting Starfish. The Seafield Brick-clay is aboiit two miles 
from St. Andrews. The specimens are preserved in the most 
perfect condition,'* the arms being attached to the disk. In the 
largest specimen the disk is | inch in diameter, and each arm is 
about 2 inches long. 
Crinoidea. 
Antedon rosaceus. Wyville Thomson [L c. p. 513 et seq.) 
gives a most elaborate account of the embryogeny of this Crinoid, 
of which the following is an abstract : — 
The ovaries of are short, entire, fusiform glands distending widely 
the integument of the pinnules, and provided with a special aperture sur- 
rounded by an elastic sphincter. The testes occupy the same position on the 
pinnules of the male individual, and consist of the usual massed parent 
cells,” including numerous vesicles of evolution,” each of which finally 
contains three or four large club-shaped spermatozoa of the usual character, 
with long vihratile appendages. The development, of the eggs and the 
process of segmentation subsequent to impregnation are fully described. The 
ripe ova are protruded from the ovarian apeitures in grape-like bunches en- 
tangled in the stroma of the ovary; nnd in that position impregnation seems 
to take place. The development of the ova and their early changes differ in 
no essential point from the ordinary invertebrate type. 
The Echinoderms present in the most marked degree a peculiarity which 
seems to be only imperfectly indicated in the otlier invertebrate subkingdoms. 
This peculiarity consists in the successive development from a single egg of 
two organisms, each apparently presenting all the essential characters of a 
perfect animal. These two beings seem to differ from one another entirely 
in plan of structure. The first, derived directly from the germ-mass, would 
1865. [voL. II.] 3 c 
