7Gi 
ZOOI^OGICAL LITERATURE. 
angle of the mouth. Arms slender, more or less flattened j arm-spines short 
and regular, arranged along the sides of the side arm-plates. Two genital 
slits to each interhrachial space. Type O. kispida (Liitk.). 
Ophiolepia garretii, sp. n., Lyman, 1. c. p. 61, pi. 11. fig. 14, Kingsmill 
Islands. 
Amphiura temdspina, sp. n., Ljungman, 1. c. p. 360, taf. xv. fig. 1, Norway 
and Bohusliin ; A. norvegica, sp, n., Ljungman, p. 363, taf. xv. fig. 3 a-dj 
Christianiafjord, Norway, 
Amphiura squamata. A very young specimen is figured hy Ljungman, 1. c. 
Ophiactis elavigera, sp. n., Ljungman, 1. c. p. 365, taf. xv. tig. 4, 2 to 300 
fathoms deep on Gorgonia from south-west coast of Norway. 
Ljungman, 1. c. p. 367, enumerates twentj'^-two Scandinavian OphiuridcB 
and gives their geographical distribution j one, Amphiura squamata (D. 
Chiaje), is found from the Cape of Good Hope up to the coast of Norway. 
JouRDAiN (1. c. p. 103) states that in invertebrate animals two very distinct 
types of organs of vision will be found, — (1) those which may be said to fur- 
nish images, and which may be called idoscopic j and (2) those which only 
convey a general sensation of light and darkness, which may be called photo- 
scopic. The first are more especially met with among the Mollusca, Insects, 
and Crustacea, and have been often described. The second have been, however, 
misunderstood or passed over by many anatomists, and are composed essentially 
of a black or reddish pigment of a well-defined structure, impressionable by 
luminous rays and in communication with the nervous system in those ani- 
mals that possess one. Such eyes are to bo met with in many Annelids. In 
studying, however, the pigmentary spots which occupy the apical portion of 
the arms in Asteracanthion ruhens, a more perfect type of a photoscopic eye 
was met with than has been before described. This form of eye possesses a 
number of minute depressions which are lined with the pigment-cells, and 
these depressions are filled with a clear gelatinous substance which serves to 
collect and concentrate the luminous rays upon the pigment and to render it, 
in conseq^uence thereof, more highly impressionable to the different degrees 
of light. 
Echinoidea. 
W. Bolsche has published a synopsis of the species of Diade- 
midse known at present (Wiegm. Arch. 1865, pp. 324-336). 
Adopting, the arrangement of Peters, he enumerates 9 species 
of Diadema, 11 of Echmothrix y 5 of Astropyga, and 1 of Tricho- 
diadema. He adds notes to D. setosa [~D. turcarum) yio the genus 
Echinothr'ix , to E. turcarum (w hich is figured on pi. 13. figs. 1 
& 2), and describes as a new species Echinothrix petersii from 
the Fejee Islands, p. 334<, pi. 13. figs. 3 & 4. 
Scutella juponica, sp. n.. Martens, 1. c. p. 140= Chcetodisms scidella, Liit., 
remarkable for having the anal orifice situated in the margin, and Nucleolites 
epigonusy sp. n. (p. 143), this latter from the island of Adenare, at the 
eastern end of Flores. (7, scutella is termed Motsingai by the Japanese j 
through inadvertence this is translated Kitchen- instead of CaA:c-shell, in Ann. 
& Mag. Nat. Hist. 1865, p. 497. 
Lutken^s Memoir on JCchinoidca (/. c.) must be consulted by 
