766 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Echinus and Psmnmechinus will probably have to be united. E. acutus, 
E. pnlcheUus, and E. decoratus- are doubtless the same species as E. parvitu- 
herculatus of the Mediterranean j E. puslulatus and E. korenii are identical 
with E. miliarisoi the North Sea (p. 71). 
Bphcerechinus. It was a great mistake of Dujardin and Hupe to take 
Echinus esculcntus (E. sphcm'a, Miill.) as a type of this genus j for it is a true 
Echimcs } the type is E. gramdaris (p. 80). 
Toxopneiistcs. T. neglectus (Forbes) = T. drohachiensis. The following are 
probably all gbod species: — T. drohachiensis (North Sea, Greenland, North 
America), T. lividus (Mediten*anean), T. granulatus (distrib. same as first 
species), T.gihhosus (Galapagos), T. tubercidatus= ? T. delalandi (New Hol- 
land), T. chlorocentrus? (North America) (p. 81). 
Heliocidaris. This genus is at present but an assemblage of species belonging 
to difterent genera. Perhaps it would be well to restrict it to the following : — • 
H. variolaris, chlorotica^ caaiS. pauciiahercidata^ belonging to the “ Oligopores; 
II. margaritacea is only an Echinus : the rest are “ Polypores ; ” of them II. 
homalostoma will be the type of a new genus, Anthocidaris, in which II. ery- 
throgranima might be provisionally placed, forming the passage to Toxo- 
p7ieustes, of which some day it may form a subgenus. II. mexicana is to all 
appearance an Echinonietra, perhaps E. lucunter. 
Anthocidaris, g. n., p. 97. Echini circulares, dense et fortiter tuberculati, 
toxopneusti, poris in singula serie curvata c. 8, ambulacris in pagina inferiori 
testa) dilatatis, petaloideis, poris multiseriatis, oiificio inferiori testie medioci i, 
decies inciso, incisuris distinctissimis, hand vero profundis. Dillert a Toxo- 
2 meuste forma peristomatis et ambulacrorum partis inferioris. A. hoinulostuma 
(Valenc.). 
Ellipsecliimis, g. n., p. 97. Echini parum elliptici, hand plane circulares, 
dense et fortiter tuberculati, toxopneusti, poris in singula serie curvata c. 8, 
ambulacris in pagina inferiori testa) dilatatis, petaloideis, poris multiseriatis, 
orificio inferiori testte magno, decies inciso, incisuris latissimis. Differt ab 
Echinometris (typicis) quibuscum ceterum convenit, forma partis inferioris 
ambulacrorum. E. 77uicrostomuSj mihi. 
Echmothrix (Peters). Savig7iya (Ilesor), and Gar cilia (Grube) are probably 
synonyms of Peters’s genus (p. 87). 
Echmus {Psa7n7nechi7ius) ve7'7'uculatuSy sp. n., p. 98, from the Fed Sea.f^, 
though figured by Savigny, has up to the present not been described. 
Pavenelluif g. n., p. 104. Genus E7icopis viciiium ; testa crassa, oblonga, 
plana, postice gibbosa j lunula interambulacrali maxima, incisuris ambulacra- 
libus rudimentaiiis; apice testae et ore excentricis, ante medium, ambulaciis 
angustis, baud plane petaloideis, apice omnino apertis, anteriore brevissimo, 
posterioribus duplae lougitudinis, valde divaricatis, fortiter arcuatis, in adultis 
fere genuflexis j ano in margiiie anteriori lunulae interambulacralis j lineis 
ambulacralibus paginae inferioris parum ramosis. R. 77iac7'ophora (Fav.). 
Chcetodiscus, g. n. (p. 104). Disco orbiculari pentagono, depresso, piano, 
apice et ore centralibus, incisuris lunulisque nullis, ano marginali, petalis am- 
bulacralibus latis, fere clausis, poris sparsis tamen ad marginem fere con- 
tinuatis, lineis ambulacralibus pagimo inferioris dichotoniis 7nidulatis. Dillert 
ab Echduu'acJmis praecipue rumilicutione linearuin ambulacralium, a IScutcllis 
