1T84 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
between a sexual and an agamic reproduction lias been met with. The 
Zoanthodemata or Colonies are only increased by sexual reproduction, 
although their dimensions are enlarged by budding. The newly added 
zooid forms are soon, however, sexual ; and though enibryologically different, 
yet they present no other peculiarity to distinguish them from those produced 
by sexual reproduction. Fecundation takes place either in the ovary or 
in the general cavity of the body of the female. The embiyo, when cast 
is in the form of a ciliated vermiform larva. It will bo obseriod that 
the reproduction of the Tubiporidao has not come under the author’s obser- 
vation, as his investigations were carried out in the Mediterranean ; if it be 
as declared by Dana, then in this order alone of Alcyonaria shall we have 
hermaphroditism occurring as a rule, and this will serve as an additional 
reason for placing the organ-pipe Corals in a family by themselves. 
L.-Duthiers’s work on Corallum ruhrum must be consulted by all inter- 
ested in the subject. It would be impossible to present an epitome of it. 
L.-Duthiers considers it perfectly possible that in some cases the poly- 
pidom of the Gorgonidae can be used as a means of diagnosing the species, 
and that on this account much more attention ought to be paid to it. 
Juncella Jlagelkim, sp. n., Y. Johnson, 1. c. p. 505. The longest example 
met with was seven feet in length and about three-eighths of an inch in 
thickness j the smallest was thirty-one inches long. 
Ilartea, g. n., P. Wright, 1. o. p. 216. Polyp solitary, fixed by its base, not 
spreading, but giving rise to buds or to the development of a coenosarej tentacles 
eight, pinnate, knobbed at their base ; the basal portion of the body thieldy 
studded with small star-shaped spicula j base and body of tentacles with long- 
dendritic spicula ; mouth central, Avith two lips ; somatic chambers eight. 
Sp. JL ele(/a7is, about three-quarters of an inch in height. Tliis solitary 
Alcyonarian was found on the coast of Donegal, near Pathmullen, not Dublin, 
as printed by mistake at p. 214. It is closely allied to Haimeia of Milne- 
Edwards, and receives the name of Ilurtea deyems. It may be doubted 
whether these solitary forms of Alcyonaria do not all eventually give rise, 
by means of budding, to aggregated forms. The genus Pmchastes, Strethill 
Wright, would appear to be an aggregated form, but differs from Ilartea in 
having a spreading base, 
