ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
790 
being able to bear a temperature of 140°, they cannot, as he has proved, 
survive one of 90°, and that in the precise experiments of Broca, Bobin, and 
Berthelot, these creatures never resisted a temperature of 100°. 
M. Pouchet concludes the interesting but rather tedious discussion as to 
the spontaneous development of the ciliated Infusoria by categorically 
answering the latest objections of M. Ooste. These replies are, very brief!}’’, 
that the Infusoria make their appearance not alone in macerations of vege- 
table but also of animal substances — for example, in an infusion made from 
a piece of the tapeworm ( Tcenia serrata) of a dog, which had been more 
than a year in spirits, and yet which produced an immense quantity of Kol- 
poda cucullics'f that it was hardly probable that he would mistake an 
encysted microzoan for its ovum (this objection had been argued )''ears ago 
by M. Claparede, and answered by an account, extending over more than a 
hundred pages, of the embryogeny of these creatures) ; and that as to the In- 
fusoria passing through the filters, he had demonstrated its utter impossi- 
bility by the infallible criterion of the micrometer. 
Samuelson endeavours to account in some degree for the successive ap- 
pearance, in organic infusions, of what seem to be distinct species of Pro- 
tozoa, rising in the developmental scale. The author commences with 
some general remarks on the origin of these animalcules, and states, among 
other conclusions at which he has arrived, his disbelief in spontaneous gene- 
ration as it is understood by Pouchet and his disciples. Tlie author also be- 
lieves that the Cercomonades, which make their appearance in pure distilled 
water when exposed to the atmosphere, are larvm or earlier forms of the 
ciliated animalcules which succeed them. IToc. Boy. Soc. 18(15, xiv. p. 540. 
CiENKOWSKi (/. c.) having come to the conclusion that the monads are 
animals, ventures to divide them as follows : — 
I. MoNADiNEiE ZoospoRAD, Ciilc. : — 1. Monas I M. amylL 2. Pseudospird : 
P. parasitica {M. parasitica), P. nitellariim, and P. volvocis, Cnk. (p. 214). 
3. Colpodella\ C. pugnax, Cuk. (p. 214). II. Monadineaj Tetraplastje, 
Onk. ; — 1. Vampijrelhr. V. spyrogyrce, Cnk. (p. 218), V. pendida, Cnk. (p. 221), 
P. vorax, Cnk. (p. 223). 2. Neuclcarea : N. delioatida, Cnk. (p. 225), N. sim- 
plex, Cnk. (p. 226). All the species are described and figured. 
Mecznikow refers to the two papers that have appeared on the subject of 
the stalk of the Vorticellidaj since his memoir on the subject published in 1860, 
and in this paper shows how far he agrees with, and in what respects 
he differs from, Kiihne. The paper is too short to be usefully abridged j but 
we may observe that both Kiihne and Mecznikow agree that there is no 
striation of the substance forming the Vorticella-stem, and that in some 
species, such as Carcliesium polypinum, with the highest powers at the 
author’s command, no organic structure was met with. It remains to be 
seen what the English objectives of ^Lth and of an inch may discover. 
Beichert und I)u Bois-Beym. Arch. 1864, p. 291 et seq. 
D’Udekem has described the following new species from Belgium (Mem. 
Acad. Boy. Sc. Belg. 1864, xxxiv.) : — 
Vorticella hrevistyla, sp. n., p. 9 (D’Udekem, 1. c.) ) V sphcerica, sp. n., p. 10. 
Zoothamnium macrostylum, sp. n., p. 13 j Z. elcgans, sp. n., p. 14. 
Epistylis pyri/ormis, sp. n., p. 19 j E. tubijicis, sp. n., p. 20. 
CothurHia valvata, sp. n., p. 27 ; C. pyxidiformis, sp. n., p. 27 j C. gigantca, 
sp. n., p. 28 j C. glohosa, sp. n., p. 29. 
