PROTOZOA. 
791 
Gerdajixa, sp. ii., p. .30 ; G. inclinans, sp. n., p. 31. 
The genera LaffcmyphiSj Spirocliina, and Trichodwopsis were not met with 
by D’Udekem ; all the new species, and several of the old ones, are beauti- 
fully figured. 
Teridinium cr/p>ripedium, sp. n., Clark, Ann. & IMag. Nat. Hist. 1866, Octo-^ 
ber, pp. 270-279, pi. 12. The author gives a full account of this species, 
proving at the same time the animal nature of the Cilio-flagellate Infusoria. 
Mr. Carter adds some remarks on this form. Ibid. December, p. 399. 
Amphileptus fasciola. On its way of fecundation, Desgouttes, Compt. 
Rend. 1864, lix. p. 462. 
Sphcerophrya. By some, as Claparede and Lachmanii, species of this 
genus have been regarded as embryo forms of OxytricJia. Stein, again, 
thinks they represent some stage in the development of the higher Infusoria, 
while Balbiani considers them distinct and independent Infusoria. Without 
absolutely deciding this question, Mecznikow relates some curious instances 
where he found species of this genus parasitic on Faramcciwn aurelia. He 
also describes and figures a new species, S, sol (p. 261, fig. 6), found in a 
marsh in a wood, which is spherical in form. A variety of this species was 
also found in which the body is larger and finely tessellated. Reichert imd 
Du Bois-Reyra. Arch. 1864, p. 2.58. 
II. Spongida. 
Dr. Bowerbank, in his monograph of the British Sponges, 
treats first of the spicnlar and keratose framework of the vari- 
ous species (pp. 1-83), then of their sarcode element and of the 
vital phenomena met with (pp. 83-153). Having alluded to 
the classification proposed by Grant in 1861, he adopts it 
slightly modified, and divides the Sponges into — 
1. Calcarea. Sponges the skeletons of which have as an earthy base 
carbonate of lime. 
2. SiLiCEA. Sponges in which the earthy base consists of siliceous matter. 
3. Keratosa. Sponges in which the essential base of the skeleton 
consists of keratose fibrous matter. 
In treating of the minor divisions, the author insists (p. 156) 
that, as a generic character, form is inadmissible j but asserts 
that in their anatomical peculiarities there is found a variety in 
structure and form, and a constant adherence to certain respec- 
tive types, which enables the zoologist to form genera and 
species. The skeleton is selected as the primary source of 
generic distinction. The following is a tabular view of the 
systematic arrangement adopted by the antlior (p. 158) : — 
Class. rORIFERA. 
Order 1. Calcarea. 
Genera : Grantia, FI. ; Lcucosohnia^ Bk. ; Lcuconia^ Gt. ; Lemogypsia^ Bk. 
Order 2. Silicea. 
Suborder I. Spiculo-radiate skeleton. Genera : Geodia, Link. ; Pachyma^ 
tisma, Bk. ; Ecio7nemia,lSk . ; Alcyoncellimi^ Q. & G. j Polyinastia^Pik . ; Holy- 
physema^ Bk. ; Ciocalypta, Bk. ; Tethea, Lmk. ; Halicnemiay Bk. j Dictyocy^ 
