792 
ZOOLOGICAL LlTEllATUllE. 
lindrus, Bk. j Phahdlia, Bk . ; Microciona^ Bk . } Ilymera^yhia, Bk. j Hyme- 
desmia, Bk. 
Suborder II. Spiculo-memhranous sheldori. Bk. 
Suborder III. Sjnctdo-reticidate skeleton. Genera: JIalichondria, Blin. j 
Ifyalojiema, Gray ; Isodwtya, Flm. ; Sponyilla, Linn. 
Suborder IV. ^ncido-Jihrotis skeleton. Genera : Desmacidon, Bk. ; Itaphy^ 
rusj Bk. 
Suborder V. Compound retmdate skeleton. Genus Diplodemia, Bk. 
Suborder VI. Solid siliceo-Jilrous skeleton. Genus Dactyloccdyx, Stutclibury. 
Suborder VII. Canalicidated siliceo-Jibrotfs skeleton. Genus Farrea^ Bk. 
Order 3. Kebatosa. 
Suborder I. Solid noji^sincidate kerato-Jibrous skeleton. Genera: Siwnyia, 
Linn, j Sponyionella, Bk. 
Suborder II. Solid semispicidute kerato-Jibrous skeleton. Ilalispcmgiaf 
Blainv. 
Suborder III. Solid entirely spicidate kerato-Jihrous skeleton. Genus Chalincij 
Grt. 
Suborder IV. Simple ^flshdo-Jibrcus skeleton. Genus Verongia, Bk. 
Suborder V. Compound Jishdo-Jibrous skeleton. Genus Axdiskia, Bk. 
Suborder VI. Fegidur scmiareno-Jibrous skeleton. Stcmatumenia,lSk. 
Suborder VII. Irregular and entirely areno-Jibrous skeleton. Genus Dxjs- 
idea, Johns. 
For the purposes of specifie deteriuinatioiij the author selects^ 
1, the spicula; 2, the oscula; 3, the pores; 4, the dermal 
membrane; 5, the skeleton; 6, the interstitial membranes; 
7, the intermarginal cavities ; 8, the interstitial canals and ca- 
vities ; 9, sarcode ; 10, ovaria and gcmmules. 
The explanation of the various terms used to describe the 
spicula, of which upwards of 200 are given, will be found from 
pp. 229 to 270 : some of these terms are very strange, such as 
clavato-attenuato-cylindrical, and subattenuato entirely spined 
cylindrical. The volume is illustrated by 37 plates and 381 
figures. The species will be described in the second volume of 
this monograph, which is indispensable to the student of this 
branch of zoology. 
Duchassaing & Michelotti (/. c. p. 25), dissatisfied with all 
other classifications, propose the following : — 
I. Dictiospongije. 
Keiatose network furnished with spicules ; fibres forming a network. 
Family I. Euspongije. 
Keratose network well- developed ; siliceous spicules wanting or very rudi- 
mentary. 
Subfamily*!. Fenicillatce. Horny fibres forming nerves, pencils, or columns, 
but are never distinctly separated as in other tribes. 
Subfamily 2. lleterogence. Fibres distinct and of two kinds. 
Subfamily 3. Homogenee. Fibres horny, hollow, very rigid, equal, and 
anastomosing into meshes, but never uniting intp bundles. 
