GEOaRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
Moll. 9 
Tyrol, Italy, and the Argentine States ; he urges the beneficial influences 
of limestone, moisture, and rich vegetation for most of the land-shells, 
but in different degrees, and concludes that those species which are 
chemically indifferent, hygrophilous, and live on plants on the ground, 
are most apt to be acclimatized; whereas those which live on rocks and 
prefer calcareous dry ground, are the most characteristic for any 
country, that is to say, geographically most limited. Atti Soc. Ital. xiv. 
fasc. i. pp. 1-26. 
W. Kobelt publishes some observations on the geographical distri- 
bution of terrestrial Mollusca in Ber. senck. Ges. 1876. 
P. Fischer distinguishes and characterizes the following malacological 
provinces of Europe : — (1) Septentrional or Germanic, comprising the 
larger part of Great Britain, Germany, and Russia, with all Denmark, 
Norway, and Sweden. (2) Occidental or Atlantic [Celtic], Ireland, 
Wales, and Cornwall, the western half of France, Asturias, and Portugal. 
(3) Meridional or circum-Mediterranean, all the shores of the Mediter- 
ranean Sea. (4) Central or Pontic, Danube and shores of the Black Sea. 
(5) Oriental or Caspian, shores of the Caspian Sea. The species of 
land- and freshwater-shells characteristic of these are indicated. J. de 
Conch, xxiv. pp. 69-84, with a coloured map. 
1. Northern and Gentrod Europe, 
Notes on the occurrence of some rare and local [British] shells in 
unrecorded localities by W. G. Blatch, Q. J. Conch. 1876, pp. 129-131 ; 
Zonites excavatus var. vitrina, Helix aspersa var. exalbida, II. cantiana, 
fusca^ Clausilia rolphi, and C. rugosa var. alhida. 
Scilly Islands. 19 species of land-shells, some of them thinner and 
more fragile than on the mainland, enumerated by W. H. Hatcher, tom. 
cit. pp. 138 & 139. 
Jersey. 37 species of terrestrial and 12 of freshwater Mollusks 
observed by E. Duprey, Ann. N. H. (4) xviii. pp. 344 & 345. 
Scandinavia. The species of Avion and Limax reviewed by Malm, 
OEfv. Ak. Forh. xxxiii. No. 1, pp. 76-80. Some notes on the Mollusca 
of the Swedish province Jemtland, by P. Olsson, op. cit. No. 3, p. 161. 
Germany. S. Clessin has commenced a popular treatise on the land 
and freshwater Mollusks (title supra) ^ with descriptions and woodcuts 
of every species. Parts 1 & 2, containing introduction, and most of the 
terrestrial genera, were published in 1876. 
Norderney. Notes on the few land-shells (13 species) of that island 
from published works and manuscripts collected by F. Buciienau, Abh 
Ver. Brem. iv. (1875) pp. 651 & 652. 
Hamburgh. Notes on some land-shells, species of Clausilia^ and Seg- 
mentina clessini (Westerlund), by O. Semper, Verb. Ver. Hamb. ii. 
pp. 246-250. 
Holstein. 68 terrestrial and 39 freshwater species of Mollusks 
observed in the northern part of Holstein by M, W. Fack, Schr. Ver. 
Schlesw. Holst, i. (1875) pp. 273-276. Further notes concerning this 
