GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
MolL 15 
the families of marine Mollusca in his general work on the Geographical 
Distribution of Animals, ii. pp. 604-512 and 530-539, and hints on their 
means of dispersal, i. p. 30. 
The late R. von Willemoes-Suiim, in a preliminary report on the 
deep-sea dredgings on board the “ Challenger,” says, “ There are scarcely 
any fine shells ; if they come up at all, they are small and of ordinary 
appearance, like Area, Nemra, Fleur onectia, Trochus, Fusus, etc. Den- 
talium goes to great depths, and was, either alive or dead, nearly always 
found when great quantities of mud were brought up by the dredge.” 
P. R. Soc. xxiv. p. 678. 
“ Pteropods, Heteropods, and pelagic Gastropods occur everywhere in 
the surface-waters of the ocean ; their [dead] shells make up a large por- 
tion of some deposits in shallow water ; deeper than 1500 fathoms, they 
become more and more rare.” J. Murray, in a preliminary report on 
work done on board the “ Challenger,” P* R. Soc. xxiv. p. 636. 
1. Arctic Sea and Northern Atlantic, 
Spitzhergen. 2 species of Pteropods, 12 Gastropods, and 10 Bivalves 
collected by A. E. Eaton, and determined by J. G. Jeffreys, Ann. N. H. 
(4) xviii. pp. 499 & 500. 
Some marine shells from the Polar Sea indicated by rhe late T. v. 
Heuglin, “ Reisen nach dem Nordpolarmeer.” 1874, p. 229 ; critical 
notes concerning two of them by Morch, J. de Conch, xxiv. p. 369. 
Notes on Arctic species of the genus Neptunea and Sipho by Kobelt, 
JB. mal. Ges. iii. pp. 61-76 ; on some other species, id. 1. c. pp. 371-373. 
New or little known species of shells, dredged in considerable depths 
of the North Atlantic on the “Valorous” expedition, are described by 
J. G. Jeffreys, Ann. N. H. (4) xviii. pp. 424-436 and 490-499. A 
general account of the Mollusca observed and collected during the same 
cruise in the North Atlantic and Davis’ Straits is given by the same 
author, P. R. Soc. 1876, pp. 187-202. He enumerates 52 species, which are 
Greenlandic and European, but^not American ; only 3 Greenlandic and 
American, not European ; 5 Greenlandic alone, not North American nor 
European; and 39 North American and European, but not Greenlandic : 
33 species are added to the fauna of Greenland. 
2. North Sea, Channel, and Baltic. 
Norway. Contributions to its fauna by H. Eriele & G. Hansen, 
Forh. Selsk. Christ. 1875 (Nudibranchs), and by the former, op. cit. 
1876 (rare deep-sea shells). 
Northumberland. 125 species of shells, dredged olf the coast of 
Durham and North Yorkshire, from 17-45 fathoms, 21 of them new for 
this district, enumerated by G. S. Brady & D. Robertson, Rep. Brit. 
Ass. 45th meeting, pp. 192-195. 
Holland. 22 species of marine Mollusca observed in the zoological 
station at the Helder are enumerated by P. P. C. Hoek, in “Eerste 
