CESTOIDA. 
Verm , 1 5 
occurrence in cliildreii is explained through their companionship with 
dogs infested with lice {Trichodectes), the bearers of its larval stage. 
A species of Cysticercus was found below the peritoneal investment of 
the intestine of a lizard {Ascalabotes mauritanicus) by Marchi, Atti Soc. 
Ital. XV. (4) ; another, resembling T. litterata of the fox, in the abdo- 
minal cavity of Lacerta crocea (Leuckart, Jahresbericht, 1. c., p. 437). 
On Echinococci in the liver of Paro, and Cysticercus tenuicollis in the 
abdominal cavity of the Saiga antelope and Ethiopian wart-hog (in Zoo- 
logical Gardens), Pagenstecher, Verb. Ver, Heidelb. (2) i. pp. 74-76. 
On Tvcnia Iccvis (Bl.) vide Linstow (4) p. 1, pi. i. fig. 1 ; T. tauri- 
coll.is, sp. n.. Chapman (12), from Rhea americana. 
Bektolus (17) describes the operculated eggs and ciliated embryos of 
Bothriocephalus latus, the latter being provided with six hooks like the 
embryos of Toenia. With other naturalists, he suggests that the scolex 
migrates into fishes of the salmon tribe ; the Ligula nodosa, which he 
found copiously encysted upon the external surface of the stomach and 
pyloric appendages of a large trout, might be the intermediary stage. 
[According to Donnadieu, L. nodosa is not specifically different from 
the common LigulaJ\ Leuckart (/. c. p. 868) tried vainly, however, to 
infest a trout river with embryos of B. latus ; he suggests that Naids 
might perhaps be their intermediate bearers. 
A note by Lortet on the migrations of Ligula (Revue scientifique ; 
Rev. Soc. sav. 6, iii. p. 362) is unknown to the Recorder. According 
to Duchamp (17), L. simplicissima has been extremely abundant for 
several years in ponds of La Bresse frequented by aquatic birds, produc- 
ing in Tinea vulgaris a peritonitis, terminating with deatu, after the 
exit of the parasite through an aperture formed in the vicinity of the vent. 
The Ligula lives only a short time in pure water, but for weeks in 
the putrescent body of the dead host. In this state, the reproductive 
organs are still rudimentary, the bothridia present, but not fully developed. 
When placed in water of 40^^ cent., the hitherto almost torpid worm be- 
comes very lively, and executes most vigorous movements. Duchamp’s 
experiments with the introduction of the piscine Ligula into the digestive 
system of the common duck, confirm its transformation into the avian 
L. monogramma (Or.). In the course of a few days, it becomes sexually 
mature, but disappears shortly after, only its eggs being found in the 
faeces. The eggs are operculate, the embryos provided with a ciliated 
covering, six hooks, etc. The male organs disappear before the perfect 
development of the ova, which are probably set free through the decom- 
position or digestion of the Ligula. Donnadieu (16), however, has 
found living Ligulce crowded with eggs nine times of ten in the faeces of 
the birds ; he also ascertained experimentally the migration of the 
embryos into fishes. 
The 2 species of Tetrarrhynchus, from the stomach of a shark {Car- 
charias), studied by Welsh (22), are named provisionally Tetrarrhynchus 
carcharias and A hothros carcharias. 
