16 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE, 
of Sc. 1866j Aug. 6j and to be published in their memoirs. 
The author gives the contents of his paper in 29 propositions 
which do not admit of being further condensed. 
Wilder, B. G. Morphology and Teleology, especially in the 
Limbs of Mammalia. (Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) Abs- 
tract in Sillim. Amer. Journ. 1866, pp. 132-135. 
Wyman, J. On symmetry and homology in limbs. Proc. 
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi. June 5, 1867 (separ. copy, 
pp. 45). 
The object of this paper is the study of the fore and 
hind limbs, viewing them as if they were constructed, not only 
after one and the same type, but in a symmetrical manner. 
They would repeat each other exactly in an ideal animal, just 
as the right and left parts do in the actual. In the actual 
animal the fore and hind parts are so modified as to adapt them 
to special conditions of existence. Bight and left parts repeat 
each other almost exactly, because their conditions are the 
same. In fore and hind limbs of the developed animal diver- 
sity is the rule ; but as we go back to the early stages of em- 
bryonic life, the symmetry and equality of fore and hind parts 
becomes nearly exact. Although the present paper is limited 
to the bones of the limbs, the author thinks that, if the idea of 
fore and hind symmetry enters into the composition of animal 
structures at all, it will be traced not only in the limbs, but in 
all the great systems of organs. 
General Notes and Faunae. 
4 
M. PucHEiiAN brings to a conclusion his treatise on the evi- 
dence which can be furnished by geology in explanation (if the 
differences between existing faunas. Rev. et Mag, Zool. 1867, 
pp. 161-169, 197-199, 257-271 (see Zool. Record, ii. pp. 10 & 
58 ; hi. pp. 11, 13) . After some remarks on the great similarity 
of the faunas of Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, he recapitulates the 
facts demonstrating the connexion of the various faunas of the 
present period and the unity of plan not only of the present but ^ 
also of the extinct creations. He expresses his belief in a direct 
descent of the living fauna from the extinct one which preceded 
it, the change being gradually effected by the necessity of the 
organisms adapting themselves to the continuous change of the 
soil occupied by them. He hopes that geology will make plain 
the changes which have taken place in the distribution of land 
and water, and on which the radiation of the organic types has 
depended. 
In tile Austrian Empire rewards have been paid for 178 Lears, 1037 wolves, 
9 lynxes, 526 wild cats, 1612 martens, and 6602 foxes, all killed in the year 
1866. Zoolog. Gart. 1867, p. 444. 
