MAMMALIA, 
19 
considers the more peculiar forms of the order, beginning with man. The 
principal resemblances and differences in form, size, and proportion between 
the human appendicular skeleton and that of other Primates are given in de- 
tail, followed by a list of those points in which man differs, as to the bony 
structure of his limbs, from all other Primates. The limb-skeletons of the 
Orang, Marmoset, Indri, Slender Lemur, Tarsier, and Aye-aye are then 
similarly reviewed, and lists given of the absolute peculiarities found in each. 
The conclusion arrived at from these comparisons is, that Man differs less 
from the higher Apes than do certain Primates below him from each other, 
and that he, thus judged, evidently takes his place amongst the members of 
the suborder Anthropoidea. The author concludes by stating what he be- 
lieved to be the degrees of affinity existing between the various forms, as far 
as could be ascertained from the consideration of the appendicular skeleton 
exclusively. 
. Simula. 
Mr. St. G. Mivart has described the appendicular part of 
the skeleton of ^imia with the minuteness of human osteology, 
Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. pp. 176-235, figuring each bone, pis. 35-43, 
and comparing them with those of the Chimpanzee, the Gorilla, 
and Man. He concludes with the following remarks : — 
The Orang differs from every other Primate without exception in : — the 
great absolute length of the pectoral limb minus the manus, of the manus 
itself, of its third digit both with and without its metacarpal, and of the me- 
tacarpal of the pollex ; the great difference between the length of the pollex 
and that of the index ; the large diameter of the acetabulum compared with 
the length of the spine ; the small proportion borne by the femur to the hu- 
merus ; the very obtuse angle formed by the neck of the femur with its 
shaft ; the all but constant absence of the pit for the ligamentum teres on the 
head of the femur ; the shortness of the tibia compared with the humerus ; 
the length of the pes compared with that of the rest of the pelvic limb j the 
length of the pes compared with that of-the tibia ; the absolute length of 
the three middle metatarsals ; the absolute length of the longest digit with 
its metatarsal ; the very small proportion home by the length of the hallux to 
that of the longest digit of the pes ; the occasional absence of the second 
digit of the hallux ; the great length of the index, with its metatarsal, com- 
pared with the length of the spine ; the small length of the hallux (both with 
and without its metatarsal) compared with that of the whole pes ; the great 
length of the index, without its metatarsal, compared with that of the whole 
pes ; the nearly equal length of the indices of the pes and manus, both with 
and without the metatarsal and metacarpal ; the shortness of the tarsus com- 
pared with the length of the pes. Thus the Orang is one of the most peculiar 
and aberrant forms to bo found in the order Primates. 
Prof. Bischoff has published an important work on the skulls 
of the Anthropoid Apes (see above, p. 4). After introductory 
remarks on the history of our knowledge of these animals, and 
general descriptions of their skulls, he proceeds to the chief ob- 
ject of his researches, viz., first, a comparison of the skulls of the 
two sexes' of each of the three apes separately in an adult state ; 
c 2 
