M AM Mali A. 
37 
and Egyptians, and contained partly in their writings, partly in old sculps 
tures ; he says that fourteen kinds of dogs can be distinguished in the Roman 
and Greek records ; of these he considers five to he principal types or species, 
five others climatic varieties, the remainder being either breeds artificially 
produced or hybrids. As regards the Egyptian dogs, seven kinds may be 
distinguished, beside the Jackal, and in three of them distinct specific types 
can be recognized. In a similar way he treats of the dogs known to have 
existed in the middle ages. He comes to the following conclusions : — 1. That 
in the oldest times such forms only were known the origin of which cannot 
be derived from other forms, and which, therefore, must be regarded as ori- 
ginal types or species ; that only a few hybrids (between these types and cer- 
tain still existing wild dogs) existed. 2. That the same can be observed in 
the time of the old Romans and Greeks, and even during the middle ages. 
3. That the number of hybrids has been increased in later periods, but that 
those ancient types have been preserved with their original characters down 
to our period. 4. Wolves, jackals, and foxes &c. are species quite distinct from 
the domestic dog ; they may have interbred with the latter, and thus in- 
fluenced certain breeds ; but they are not the parents of the domestic dog, 
6. Seven species may be distinguished among our dogs t — C. domesticus, ex- 
trarius, vertagus, sagax^ molossus, leporarius^ and the naked dog, C. carihcem. 
In a second paper, entitled The Races of the Domestic Dog,’^ and extend- 
ing over pp. 377-507, 614-685, 776-823 of vol. Ivi. of the Sitzgsber. Ak. Wiss. 
Wien, the same author enumerates and partly describes the infinite number 
of varieties of the dog, adding synonyms and references to some of the well- 
known works on natural history. 
^Eug. Gayot, ^Le chien, histoire naturelle,’ Paris, 1867, 8vo, with an atlas 
of 67 plates and 127 engravings, is known to us from a list of works only. 
Dr. Gray has published some notes on the Chinese Pug-nosed Spaniel or 
Lap-dog, and figured the skull. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 40-43. 
Canis lycaon. A black wolf killed in Belgium is referred to this species by 
A. Dubois, Arch. Cosmolog. p. 78, pi. 6. 
MuSTELIDiE. 
Mustela. Dr. Gilpin gives an account of the Nova-Scotian species, viz. 
Mtistela pennanti and americana, Putorius vison, nigrescens, cicognaniiy richard^ 
ffoniiy and noveboracends. Proc. & Trans. Nov. Scot. Inst. Nat. Sc. ii. 1867, 
pp. 8-16. 
^ Mustdafoina. Prof. Rolleston supposes that the Stone-Marten was func- 
tionally the Cat of the ancients. See above, p. 26, under Felis domestica. 
Mellivora leuconotay sp. n., Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 98, pi. 8, from 
West Africa. 
Lutra, Dr. Gray has described a new Otter from Japan, (g. n.) 
wliiteleyi, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 180, with a woodcut of the skull ; and indi- 
cates two species from Formosa, one of which is named Lutra {Ilydrogald) 
sioinhoeiy p. 182. 
Lutra lutreola. Hr. Jeitteles shows the occurrence of this otter in Moravia, 
and compares its skull with that of the common otter. L, c. pp. 10-14. 
Ursid^. 
Ursus. M. Bourguignat describes the remains of a subfossil bear found in 
