34 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
cartilaginous / intermaxillary /ree, very small ; upper cutting-teeth none ; 
nasal leones hroad^ rounded, Afiican Rhinocerotes. 
8. Rhinaster. Head short, compressed ; upper lip with a central promi- 
, nence. Skull short behind j occiput erect j nasal hones rounded in front j 
lower jaw thick in front ; grinders small, in arched series. M, hic&rnis 
and JR, keiUoa = JR. camperi. 
4, Oeuatothbrium. Head elongate, truncated ; upper lip square. Skull 
elongate and produced behind j occiput erect, produced above ; nasal 
bones broad, convex, truncated, and sharp-edged in front j lower jaw 
‘ tapering in front j grinders large, in straight lines. JR. simus (? = gor- 
donii, Blainv.) and R. oswellii. 
in. Skin uniform^ not divided into shields. JFIom single. Skull i — inter- 
nasal bony ; nasal, internasal, and intennaxillary all united into one mass, 
Asia and Europe. Fossil. 
5«^OffiJ.ODONTA. 
'^Hippopotamus amvhibius. Gratiolet’s work on the anatomy has been men- 
tioned above, p. 6.-^^r. Crisp has written on the anatomy of the Hippopo- 
tamus, particularly on that of the skin and viscera. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, 
pp. 601-612, 689-1)96. The accompanying woodcuts are very bad. 
XPotamochoerus edivardsi, sp. n., Grandidier, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, p. 818, 
Madagascar, 
>1 Sus madagaseariensis, sp. n., Grandidier, 1. c. p. 86, 
Sus taivanus (Swinhoe) may be identical with Sus leucomystax of Japan. 
Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 240. (See Zool. Record, iii. p. 36.) 
*4 Tapir. Dr. Gray has examined the skulls of the species of 
Tapir, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, pp. 876-886. He points out the 
craniological characters by which the species may be distin- 
guished, and also records the differences of the skulls of different 
ages. He directs attention to the fact that, whilst in most 
mammals the second series of incisors are developed rather 
within the base of the milk -series, in the Tapirs they are deve- 
loped so far within their hinder edge that, when the milk-series 
are about to be shed, and the permanent series are just about 
being developed, there are two distinct series of apertures to be 
observed in the intermaxillary and the front edge of the lower 
jaw. The arrangement of the Tapiridce is the following : — 
A Tiibo I. TAriiiiNA. 1. Tapirus, with T. tei'reslris, T, laurillardi, sp. ii., 
from Venezuela (?), p. 881, established from a skull, which is figured j and 
T.pinchacus (villosus). 2. Rhinochoerus, with R. sumatranus and R. me. 
siTribe II. Elasmognathinje. 1. Elasmognathus with E. hairdii, pi. 42, 
r^resenting the old and young animal. 
Tapirus hairdii is found north of the Chagres River, Dow, Proc. Zool. Soc. 
1867, p. 241. — Mr. Gill describes the characters on which his genus Elasmo- 
gnathus is founded. Sillim. Joum. 1867, xliii. p. 370.— Mr. Verrill describes 
the young, ibid. xliv. p. 126. 
Elephas. We mention here a memoir entitled ^^Description of the Re- 
mains of three extinct species of Elephant ” in the Island of Malta, by Prof. 
Busk (Trans. Zool. Soc. vi. pp. 227-306), because numerous references are 
made to the osteology of the recbnt species. 
