100 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
bear to each otliei% calling them representative species or 
local races/^ according to the amount of variation. He recog- 
nizes 13 species in all^ three of which are local races of C. 
aquaticus and three more of C. pallasi. Besides these there are 
four representative species — two of C aquaticus, one (sp. n.) 
of C. meosicanus, and one of C. leuconotus. C. sordidus stands 
alone. An excellent diagnostic and synonymatic list follows 
these remarks. 
Cinclus aquaticm of Britain and Central Europe is distinct from ^urnus 
cinclus, Linn., — this, which is the exclusively northern form, being C. melano^ 
gaster, and occurring occasionally in England and as far south further east as 
Erzeroom. Id, ut supra, pp. 113-117. This last, however, breeds in the 
Pyrenees : H. B. Tristram, Ibis, 1867, pp. 460, 467. 
C. ardesiacus is a new species from Veragua, allied to C. mexicanus but 
smaller, of a pale ash-colour, with a long bill and legs. O. Salvin, ut suprd, 
p. 121, pi. ii. 
Turdid^. 
Wiese, — . Ber Drosselfang. Journ. fiir Orn. 1867, pp. 70, 71. 
No remarks of very general interest. 
The specimen taken near Miinster (Zool. Bee. iii. p. 94) and recorded as 
Tiirdus atrigularis proves to bo 2'. ruficollis. B. Altum, J, f. 0. 1867, 
pp. 109, 110. 
Turdus merula, the first migration of the j'^oung is southward to meet the 
early fruit, they subsequently advance in a body northward, following the 
ripening berries, II. Blake-Knox, Zool. S. S. p. 684. Figured : J. Gould, B. 
Gr. Br. part xii. j E. Bettoni, Ucc. Ijomb. tav. 14. 
Turdus naumanni, Teinm., is a variety of T. iliacus. C. F. Dubois, Arch. 
Cosmol. 1867, p. 128. 
Turdus viscivorus is figured. E. Bettoni, Ucc. Lomb. tav. 19. 
Turdus protomomelas is described as a new species from the Himalayas, 
allied to T. chrysolaus and T. hortulorum. The tj^pe is in the Berlin Mu- 
seum. J. Cabanis, J. f. 0. 1867, pp. 286, 287. 
Turdus phesojiggius, Cab. (Schomb., Beise Guian. iii. p. 666), juv., is de- 
scribed and figured. P. L. Sclater & O. Salvin, P. Z. S, 1867, p. 668, 
pi. xxix. 
Ihjpsipetes crassirostris is a new species from the Seychelles, much lilce II. 
olivaeetts of Mauritius, but with a stronger bill, and the throat, breast, and 
belly yellowish. E. Newton, P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 344, 345; Ibis, 1867, pp. 344, 
345. 
Ilypsipetes nivciceps (Zool. Bee. i. p. 80) has been sent from Northern 
China by Mgr. Perny. J. P. Verreaux, B. Z. 1867, p. 172. 
Andropadus Jlavescem is a new species from Zanzibar, very like A. insidaris 
from Madagascar in colour, but considerably smaller. There are now eight 
species of the genus known. G. Ilartlaub, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 825. 
Crateropus acacice occurs in Tripoli. W. T. II. Chambers, Ibis, 1867, 
pp. 101, 104. 
Pericrocotus andamanensis, Tytler,” is described as a new species from the 
Andamans, hitherto confounded with P. hrevirostris ; but it is apparentlv 
