254 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
4 new species. Jle proposes the following classification ot these insects into 
subordinate groups, in anticipation of a general revision of the Aphodiides, 
to he published in the ^ Ooleopterologische Hefte ’ : — 
I. Posterior tibiee with very short apical spurs Pseudaphodidce, 
II. Posterior tibiae with spurs of normal length. 
A. Mandibles exposed. 
1. Pygidium concealed JEgialidce. 
2. Pygidium free Chironidce, 
B. Mandibles concealed. 
1, Posterior tibiae transversely carinated Aphodidce. 
2. Posterior tibiae simple, without carinae. 
a. Head rough, granujose Psammodid^, 
b. Head smooth or rugose-punctate Atcenidce. 
At<sniu8y g. n., Harold, Col. IJefte, ii. p. 100. Allied to Euparia. 
Pygidium free j posterior tibiae simple, straight ; metasternum not abbrevi- 
ated. Sp. A, opacus, sp. n., Harold, 1 . c. p. 100, Brazil j A. scutellaris, Harold, 
Col, Hefte, i. p. 82, Brazil j A, opatrinus, Harold, ibid., Bahia j A. capitosus 
(Chevr. MS.), Harold, 1. [c. p. 83, Columbia and Mexico j A- perforatits 
(Beiche, MS.), Harold, ibid., Columbia ; A. hispidiiSj Harold, ibid., Venezuela 
and Caraccas j and A. picinuSj Har, Berl, ent. Zeits. 1867, p. 291, Chili. 
Aphodius haagij Becker, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xl. 1. p. 108, near Astrachan 
(a mere indication of cplour and size). 
Aphodius paivanuSf Wollaston, Col. Hesp. p. 90, and A. rendalUi, Woll. 
I, c, p. 91, Cape Verde Islands. 
Aphodius gracilipes, Harold, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. 1867, p. 279, and A.Jlaveo- 
luSy Harold, 1. c. p. 280, Chili. 
Psammodius cruentus, Harold, 7 c. p. 292, Chili. 
Phgssemus rugaius, Wollaston, 1. c. p. 92, Cape Verde Islands. 
Euparia costulata, Harold, Col. Hefte, i. p. 82, Brazil \ and E, argeniina^ 
Har. idid. ii, p. 99, San Luis, Mendoza. 
Orphnides, 
Phceochrous ? behrensii, sp. n., Horn, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc. i. p. 163, Cali- 
fornia. 
Trogides, 
Trox {Omorgus') baccatus, Gerstacker, Arch. f. Naturg. xxxi. p. 49, Zan- 
zibar. 
Trox nobilis, sp. n., Wollaston, Col. Hesp. p. 93, Cape Verde Islands (Fogo). 
Glaphyrides. 
Lichnanthe canina^ sp. n., Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. i. p. 164, Oregon. 
Melolonthides, 
J. Beiset has given (Comptes Rendus, Ixv. pp. 1126-1138) a detailed 
account of the natural history of Melolontha vulgarisj with tables of the 
depths at which this insect is to be met with in its various states under dif- 
ferent conditions of temperature, season, &c. He suggests late ploughing in 
fields much infested with the larvae, as these rise towards the surface with 
the increase of temperature. Reiset’s paper is accompanied by some remarks 
by Blanchard and Chevreul (J, c, pp. 1138-1140). 
