LEPIDOPTERA. 
347 
vii. pp. 323-350). The greater part of these notes are really 
objections urged against the Darwinian hypothesis^ and relate 
both to Lepidoptera and to insects of other orders. 
Notes by J. Greene & Knaggs on variation in Lepidoptera. Ent. M. Mag. 
iii. pp. 236-239. Also by Jordan (/. c. pp. 251-262), 0. S. Gregson (/. c. pp. 
262-263), and J. Greene (/. c. pp. 263-266), with a reply to the latter by 
Knaggs {1. c. p. 266). See also J. A. Forster on the variation in size of bred 
specimens (1. c, p, 278). 
On variation in Lepidoptera, by Ilodgkinson (Ent. M. Mag. iv. p. 40) and 
Knaggs (/. c. p. 41). 
G. S. Saunders notices a nest formed by social caterpillars among the 
leaves of a Brazilian Zeyhera. Proc. Ent. Soc. 1867, p. Ixx. 
Goossens (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1867, p. iv) refers to the occurrence of ex- 
ternal sexual characters in the caterpillars of Lepidoptera. 
Landois’s observations on the eyes of caterpillars are noticed by Claparede 
in the Bibliotheque Universelle, Nov. 1866, Bull. Sci. pp. 272-276, translated 
in Ann. & Mag. N. II. 3rd ser. xix. pp. 61-63. 
Steudel has published (Wiirt. naturw. Jahreshefte, xxii. pp. 243-262) 
some instructions in killing and setting the Microlepidoptera. 
Fallou notices the application of an apparatus for finely dividing Avater 
in the rearing of caterpillars, instancing particularly his successful treatment 
of larvae of Chelonia quenselii. Guerin also remarks on the advantage of ap- 
plying moisture in the rearing of caterpillars ; he has employed it with success 
on those of Papilio alexanovy Bornhyx cynthiaj &c. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1866, 
pp. Iv-lvii. 
Rhopalocera. 
Grandidier (llev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 276) gives a list of species 
detected by him in the southern part of Madagascar and not previously re- 
corded as inhabiting that island : — Papilio antenor (Drury), Anthocharis Jia- 
vida (Boisd.), oena (Boisd.), ephya (Kl.), evarne (Kl.), Idmais dynamene (^.), 
and Terias senegalensis (Boisd.). 
W. II. Herbert records (Entomologist, iii. p. 226) the visit of numerous 
birds and butterflies during a cyclone to a ship 600 miles from the African 
coast, and 200 from the Cape Verde Islands. The buttei-flies are said by 
Newman to be Diadema holina and Pyrameis cardui. 
Weir remarks that the metallic chrysalids of Butterflies are generally free 
from the attacks of birds. Proc. Ent. Soc. 1867, p. ci. 
T. W. Wood notices the variation in the colours of the chrysalids of But- 
terflies, which he considers to be due to assimilation to the surrounding 
objects. Proc. Ent. Soc. 1867, pp. xcix-ci. These views are confirmed by 
Butler and opposed by Bates, 1. c. p. ci. 
Giraud notices (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1867, p. Ixvi) examples of Pyrameis 
utalanta and Satyrus mcera which present different-sized wings on the two 
sides. Laboulbene and Goossens mention their having seen similar cases 
(1. c. p. lx vii). 
Gregson publishes a series of notes on variation in the Lepidoptera, in 
which he describes varieties of numerous species of Khopalocera. Entomo- 
logist, iii. pp. 209-213, and 263-267. 
