MOLLUSCA. 
505 
Northern China is HcUx pyrrhozona, found on the great wall by a member of 
the Prussian Expedition. Near Shanghai land-snails are scarce, on account 
of the scarcity of stone and woods j II. ravida (Bens.) is the most common. 
On the artificial rocks of a garden within the town lives Clausilia shangai^ 
ensis (Pfr.) j near Canton, Helix cicatricosa (Miill.) and CyclopJiorm punctatus, 
and at Hongkong the nearly allied C. exaltatm (Pfr.) are the more common 
land-snails. Eighteen species are pointed out as such which have been erro- 
neously stated to come from China by several authors. 
Paludina mgidaris (M.u\\.)~qiiadrata (Bens.), and Cyrcna jluminea (Mull.) 
common at Shanghai ; NovacuUna, species allied to constricta, Bens., sold in 
the market of that town. Valves oi Barhata pUcata employed as measures 
in soiling beans and flour. Martens, Prouss. Expod. i. pp. 100, 101. 
Some land- and freshwater shells, collected by Jones LAMPiiEy^ are men- 
tioned, and three of them described as new, by W. Baird and H. Adams, 
Proc. Zool. Soc. pp. 480-492, pi. 26. They belong to the genera Helix j 
Melania, Anodonta, XJnio, and Glauconomya. 
Siam. The Siamese land-shells are treated of by Von Martens, Preuss. 
Exped. Zool. vol. ii. pp. Gl-86, partly from his own observations made at 
Bangkok and Petshaburi, partly from the collections of the late M. Mouhot, 
the late Sir Bobert Schomburgk, and Viscount Castelnau. Twelve Cyclo- 
stomacea and 39 Helicidce were hitherto known as Siamese. At Bangkok land- 
snails are very scarce, the country being too muddy; Helix ptychostyla is the 
most remarkable. On the limestone-hills of Petshaburi two of the most 
characteristic Siamese shells are common, viz. Kanina distincta (Pfr.) and 
Cyclophorm lituus (Martyn) ; in a cave near that town Streptaxis moidioti 
(Pfr.) has been found. Of four species the Siamese habitat is regarded as 
doubtful. 
Cochinchina. Some new species described by II. Crosse, Joum. Conch. 
XV. pp. 204-209. 
Nicobar Islands. Seven new species of land-snails found by the natu- 
ralists of the Austrian expedition of the ^Novara,’ and belonging to the 
genera Helix, Strejytaxis, Clausilia, Cyclotus, Hydrocena, and Hclicina, are 
described by Zelebor and Pfeiffer, Verhandl. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, 
xvii. 1867, pp. 806-808. 
Indian archipelago. The principal portion of the secofid 
volume of the Zoology of the Prussian Expedition to Eastern 
Asia is devoted by Yon Martens to a detailed aecount of the 
land-shells of the Indian archipelago, from Singapore to the 
Moluccas and Timor, combining the results of his own observa- 
tions in the years 1860-63 with those of his researches in the 
Leyden Museum, the collection of Prof. Mousson in Zurich, and 
of the late Mr. Cuming. There are enumerated : — Opisthoporus 
8 sp., Pterocyclos 5, Cyclotus 19, Cyclophorus 21, Leptopoma 8, 
Alycceus 4, Megalomastoma, Rhapliaulus, Pvpinella, and Pupina 
together 12, Omphalotropis 4, Truncatella 4, IJiplommatina and 
Paxillus 3, Helicind 8, Vaginulus 5, Philomycus 1, Parmarion 
about 3, Helicarion 10, Nanina 47, Hyalina 1, Trochomorpha 
about 14, P alula 3, Helix 66, Bulimus 21, Buliminus 5, Cionella 
2, Btenogyra 8, Clausilia 12, Pupa 2, and Succinea 6 sp., many 
