506 
ZOOLOGIOAI^ JilTDRATURE. 
of them including several vavieties which have been regarded asi 
species by others, Thirty-nine other species are pointed out 
as such which have been indicated by some authors as found 
within these limits, but as yet cannot be received into this 
fauna, the stateinent being either evidently wrong or subject to 
serious doubt. Of all species observed by the author either 
during his voyage or afterwards in European collections, original 
Latin descriptions are given, similar to those by Dr. Pfeiffer 
in his monographs ; the measurements are added, not only 
of one individual, but of the extreme forms which have been 
examined (for example, of the longest and shortest, the most 
slender and stoutest), in order to ascertain the extent of variation 
occurring in the same and in differeut localities. Peculiar care 
has been bestowed on the exact statement of the localities for 
each species. At the end of the volume, pp. 40Q-430, some 
tables and general remarks concerning the distribution of lapd- 
shells in the Indian archipelago, Siam^ China, and Japan are 
given. At the first glance it would appear that the eastern and 
westerly parts of the archipelago are very different in this re-t 
spect. In the Moluccas the species are very similar* tq, and the 
genera and subgeneya identical with, those of New Guinea, 
some fe\K and small species only being common to the western 
half — for example. Helix winteriana, Ti^ochomorpha planorbisj 
and some species of Btenogyra. The characteristic and exclu- 
sive features of the western half are large, brown-coloured 
species of Cyclophorus, large, brown, distinctly sculptured Na- 
nincsy and large Bulimus, varying individually from right to left ; 
of the eastern half, smooth, variegated, often conical Nanince, 
rather large, richly painted Helix, viz. the subgenera Chloritis, 
Obba, Planispira, Papuina, Phania, and Albersia. But it is 
not possible to trace a geographical line of demarcation between 
these two faunas. Sumatra has many species in common with 
Malacca and western Borneo, others with Java; and these four 
countries are the headquarters of the western or Indo-Malayan 
fauna. In western Borneo many Cyclostomacea with tubes at or 
near the aperture are found, connecting this island rather with the 
Transgangetic mainland ; but in the same part of Borneo several 
subgenera characteristic of the eastern half of the archipelago 
begin to make their appearance. In Celebes and the islands 
situated east of Java to Timor both faunas are much mixed, and 
ijfi the latter accompanied by Australian, in Celebes by Phi- 
lippine representatives. Prom the south-western half of Borneo 
only one land-shell is at present known; of Celebes two points 
only have been explored, the northern and the southern extremi- 
ties, Manado and Macassar ; not one species of land-shells has 
been found at present to be common to tliese tAVo localities. As 
in Europe, the land-shells of the plains near the sca-shore have a 
wide geographical distribution, and are generally fewer in 
