610 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Gastropods (except i\iQ Melaniidce) to January 1864. The chief 
characters of the genera and species are pointed out and illus- 
trated by. woodcuts ; in many cases the original description and 
figure are copied : the geographical distribution is noticed. 
Prime's monograph of the American CorbiculidcB (Smith- 
sonian Collections^ No. 145) is made up in a similar manner; so 
that these works^ together with Tryon's papers (in the ^ American 
Journal of Conchology') on the North American Melaniidce and 
land-snails (see ^Record' for 1865^ pp. 253^ 254, and 1866, 
p. 171), will form a practical text-book of North- American 
extra-marine conchology, containing illustrations of all known 
species. We hope that also the Unionidce will be treated, perhaps 
by Mr, Lea himself, in the same manner. 
According to these two papers, the genus Limncea is represented in North 
America by 31 species, J^hjsa and BuUmus by 29, Planorhis and Segmentina 
hy 29. Ancylus with Acroloxus hy 20, Valvata by 6, the Viviparidce [genus 
Paludina] by 16, the freshwater Rissoidat [gen. Hydrdbia in its wider sense] 
hy 29 species, Neritina has only one very small species on the mainland, 
N, showalteri (Lea), discovered hy Showalter in the Coosa River, Alabama 
[the operculum and animal are not known] j some other species are Floridan 
and Californian. Ampullaria is represented hy one species, occurring only 
in Georgia and Florida. Pompholyx and Carinifex are peculiar to Oalilbrnia; 
Qundlachia is represented hy one species in the Eastern States (found by W. 
Stimpson in the Potomac), and hy another in California. The operculated 
land-shells are very few in number, Helicina orbicidata extends from Ten- 
nessee to Florida, and from Texas to Georgia; some other species occur 
on the shores of the Caribbean sea ; Helicina occulta (Say) is excluded as 
being found in a fossil state only (postpleiocene). Chondropoma dentatum 
is found in ]piorida only, Truncatella in Florida and California. Of the Auri- 
culid 0 j Carychium exiguum is spread through New England, the Northern 
and Middle States, South Carolina, Arkansas, and Texas, Melampus liden- 
laUis along the sea-coast from New England to Texas. Alexia myosotis is 
probably introduced from Europe into Nova Scotia and Rhode Island; some 
other Auricnlidce are West-Indian species, reaching Florida ; Pedipes is repre- 
sented by one species, lirata (Binney), in California. Particular care has 
been taken by the author to eliminate doubtful, bad, and pseudo-American 
species. 
A large number of species of Unionidoi, MdaniidcBf &c., the 
diagnoses of which were published in the years 1862 and 1863 
in the Proceedings of the Academy of Nat. Sci. in Philadel- 
phia by Is. Lea, are fully described in the sixth volume of the 
Jpurnal of the same society, part i. (published July 1866), 
Some new freshwater shells from Michigan are described by A. 0. Currier, 
Am. Journ. Conch, iii. pp. 112, 113. 
New England. The land-snails of New England are treated of once more, 
and this time in a more popular manner, by E. Morse, American Naturalist, 
vol. i. Helix albolabris is taken as an example for describing' and illustrating 
the anatomy and terminology of land-sipil§ and their shells ; the other species 
