514 
ZOOLOGICAL LlTEllATUllE. 
(Sowerby), Syndoemya intermedia (Thompson), Donax politus (Poli), Ervilia, 
castanea (Montagu), Mactra helvacea (Ohemn.), Venus verrucosa and casina 
(L.), Circe minima (Montagu), PileopsU hungarica (L.), Fissurella reticulata 
(DonoY.)> Trochus %%%yphinus (L.), montagui (Gray), tumidus (Mont.), Sea- 
laria turtonis (Turt.) and dathratida (Mont.), Otina otis (Turt.), Natica 
montagui (Porlbes), sordida (Phil.), and pusilla (Gould), Velutina Jlexilis 
(Mont.), Lamellaria tentaculata (Mont.), Bidlcea aperta (Lam.). Most of the 
marine shells have only been found on the beach, thrown up by the sea, 
especially after storms, and few specimens only. The absence of rocky 
littoral ground explains the small number of Gastropods contained in this 
fauna, the genus Bissoa, for example, being represented by one undeter- 
mined species only, which, moreover, has not been seen by the author 
himself. 
Mediterranean, The malacological fauna of this sea has been 
the subject of two valuable works by MM. Weinkaufp and Gon- 
zalez Hidalgo. The former (see p. 488) gives a complete list 
of all the species known, with careful indication of the syno- 
nyms and the known localities ; it is only to be regretted that 
he does not give short diagnoses, or figure the rarer or less- 
known species, which would have been of great use to the prac- 
tical conchologist. On the other hand, tlie references to the 
literature and critical remarks on certain species are very nume- 
rous. He treats of the shell-bearing mollusks only, enumerates 
701 Mediterranean species, namely 230 Bivalves, 12 Brachio- 
pods, 440 Gastropods, 14 Pteropods, 3 Heteropods, and 2 
Cephalopods. 
Most of these species are generally distributed along the 
shores of the Mediterranean, their occui*rence being ascertained 
chiefly on the coasts of Northern Africa, the Balearic Islands, 
Southern France, Liguria, Corsica, Naples, and Sicily, the Adri- 
atic, Morea, and the ^gean archipelago. Several species ap- 
pear to be limited to the northern coast of Africa, which has 
been especially studied by the author ; and among them are 
some of peculiar interest, as Cardium Mans, Psammobia inter- 
(Desh.) d^ndiweinkayffi (Crosse), Tellina lucida (Desh.),and 
Lithodomus aristatus (Dillw.). Lutraria oblong a {Chomn.), ru- 
yosa (Chemn.), and Pecten mandmus (L.) occur onljr in tlie outer 
parts of the Mediterranean, viz. Spain and Algeria. Panopcea 
ylycimeris (Born) has been hitherto found in a few spots only of 
the shores of Sicily within the Mediterranean. The occurrence 
of the same species in other seas is carefully noted on the best 
authorities. 
Gonzalez Hidalgo^s (see p. 492) enumeration of the mol- 
lasks of the oceanic and Mediterranean coasts of Spain has 
been a desideratum long felt in the geography of European 
mollusks. His list contains : — 
