MOLLUSCA* 615 
Brachiopods. Bivalves. Gastropods. 
Species common to both coasts . . < . 
3 
106 
117 
Oceanic only 
2 
26 
46 
Mediterranean only . 
0 
82 
114 
Total number 
6 
209 
281 
However, tliese numbers must be somewhat modified, inas- 
much as several species found hitherto in Spain only on the 
Mediterranean coast live also on other parts of the Atlantic 
coasts of Europe — for example. Chiton marmoreuSy Pholasparvai 
&c., in England ; and vice versdy some others known in Spain 
only from the oceanic coast have been found also in the Me- 
diteiwanean — for example, Solarium luteum. Nevertheless the 
result is very interesting. The most remarkable species which 
appear to be confined within the Straits of Gibraltar are : — • 
Corhiila mediterranean Tellina nitida and indchellay Donax semistriaiil$y 
Tapes geographicuSn Cardimn erinaceus and ohlonguntj Chamd gryphoides and 
grypliinay Mytilus minimus, Lithodomus lithopkagus, Pinna nohilis, Pecten 
glaher and sUlcatus, Buccinum [^Pisania] orhignyi, Tritonium reticulaium^ 
Fasciolaria lignaria, Columhella seripta, Several species of Naiica, Omda 
carnea and adriatica, Pissoa auriscalpiUm and ventricosa, Vermetus gigas, 
Turbo sanguineus, Troclius richardi, fanulum, divaricatus, varius, Clan* 
cuius jussieui and cruciatus, Craspedotus limhatus, Patella costoscplicata, Chiton 
sieulus, and Umbrella mediterranea. 
As oceanic species approaching the Straits of Gibraltar -without entering 
the Mediterranean, may he named : — Psammobia teUinella, Ervilia castanea^ 
Tapes pullastra, Trochus umbilicatus, Patella vulgata. The following are the 
more striking species peculiar to Spain, being neither British nor common in 
the more eastern parts of the Mediterranean i—Lutraria oblonga and rugosa^ 
Mytilus africanus, Voluta olla. Others are almost foreign to the Mediter- 
ranean, as Ungulina rubra, Ostrea angulata, Halia priamus, Chiton fulvus^ 
Sijjhofiaria algesirce, Mesalia brevialis. 
The Gastropods and Bivalves which are frequently used as food at Triest 
and Venice are mentioned, with their vernacular names, by Senoneb, Zool. 
Garten, viii. pp. 103-107. The most common in the markets are Murex 
trunculus and brandaris, Aporrhais pes pelecani, Cerithium vulgaium, Turbo 
rugosus, some species of Trochus, Patella scutellaris, Pholas dactylus, Solen 
vagina and siliqua, Scrobicularia piperata, several species of Venus and Car- 
dium, Mytilus edulis, Modiola barbata, Pinna, Area noce, several Pecten, and 
Ostrea. edulis. 
Thirty-six species of shells from the coasts of Sardinia are enumerated by 
Gennari, Atti Soc. Ital. Sc. Nat. viii. 1866, pp. 328-335. 
Blach Sea. A very poor list of the Mollusks of the Black Sea is given 
by hlarcusen, containing the following species only ; — Teredo navalis, Cardium 
edule, Pholadomya plicata (Midd.) \_ — Adacna of Eichwald], Mytilus latusf 
Trochus varius, Pissoa oblonga, Buccinum rtticulaium [iVhssrt], Paludina im* 
pur a [freshwater shell], Tergipes edwardsii. Arch. f. Naturgeschichte, xxxiii. 
p. 360. [The works of Siemaschko, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, xx. 1847, and 
of Middendorff, Beitrage zu einer Malacozoologia Bossica, contain many more 
species from the Black Sea.] 
