MOLLUSOAi 
523 
detailed abstract by ClajiatMe in Bibl. Utiiv. 1867, October, pp. 
186-192, and Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. 1867, xx. pp. 449-453* 
The pamphlet of M. Lesson a mentioned above (p. 487) is a 
popular treatise on Cephalopods. Its publication, like that of 
another issued by Crosse in the French Journal of Conchyliologie^ 
has been called forth by the fabulous and rather poetical than 
true story of the ^^pieuvre^^ {Octopus) in Victor Hugo^s novel, 
Les travailleurs de la mer/^ 
Sepia officinalis has been made th.6 Subject of observations by R. Fischer. 
It uses the two longer or tentacular arms in seizing its ptey. It moves slowly 
forwards by moving the lateral fins, as well as by a gentle expulsion of water 
from the funnel, which is bent backwards for this purpose j a stronger ex- 
pulsion of water from the funnel in a straight direction makes it swim back- 
wards, like other Cephalopods. 
Specimens of Octopus vulgaris, observed by the same author, used chiefly 
the first pair of arms for exploring, and the second for seizing the prey ; it 
foods on Cardium edulq and other bivalves. Those, ns well as living crabs 
{Carcinua mccnas), are transferred by the arms to the mouth, where they are 
enveloped by the arms and interhrachial membrane ; and after some time the 
empty shell or carapace is rejected without any fracture | even in the rejected 
shells of well-closed solid Pcctunmdus glycymeris no trace of mechanical injury 
could be discovered. Octopus walks on the ground, its body being Sustained 
by the arms, their extremities only reaching the ground. The inspirations of 
this and other species have been observed to be 30^0 during a minute. 
Ann. Sci. Nat. viii. pp. 97-104. 
Twelve Species of Cephalopoda inhabiting the northern and western eodsts 
of France are enumerated by F. Fischer, Journ. Conch, xv. pp. 12-15. 
Octopus jilosa sp. n., Howele, Am. J oum. Conch, iii. p. 240, pi. 14, 
Santa Cruz. 
Octopus punctatus. Teeth of the radula described by Dali, Proc. Calif. Ac. 
Nat. Sc. iii. p. 243. 
Argonauta. Three forms of the shell are distinguished i — (1) with ear-like 
prolongations on the side of the mouth j (2) with an obtuse angle instead ot 
the prolongations ; (3) without any trace of them. These variations are 
found in each ef the three principal species of the genus, A. argo, tuberculata, 
and hians, and have caused the creation of some species which seem scarcely 
admissible. A fourth very rare form is that in which the ears are present, 
but agglutinated to the spire j it has been observed in A, argo. Martens, 
Ann. k Mag. Nat. Hist. Aug. 1867, xx. pp. 103-106. 
Ommatostrephes todarus (Raf.) not rare at the Faroer. It is the Sepia 
loligo of former authors treating of the fauna of those islands. Morch, Na- 
turhlst. Forenings Vidensk. Meddel. p. 102. 
Loligo hemiptera, sp. n., Howell, Am. Journ. Conch, hi. p. 239, pi. 13, Gulf 
of Mexico and coast of Floridri. 
Sepiola atlantica (Orb.), distinguished by four rows of cups in the last part 
of the fourth or ventral pair of arms, occurs on the coast of Scandinavia and 
the Faroer Islands. There is another species in the Mediterranean, also ex- 
hibiting more rows of cups in the ventral arms than S. rondeletii j it may be 
S. owentana (Orb.). Morch, I, c. p. lOl, 
