mollusca: 573 
p. 78, Peru ; in external aspect lilto Clausilia, l)ut without clausilium, and 
almost Avitliout folds in the aperture. 
Clausilia deltostoma, var. {Cl.) ohesinscula (Lowe), Paiva, Monogr. Moll. 
Mad. p. 144, pi. 2. fig. 9, Madeira. 
Clausilia. The following species are Icnown from Japan ; — martensi (llerk- 
lots), buscJiii (Kiist.), sicholdi (Pfr.), valida (Pfr.), acuh(s (Pens.), plicilahris, 
stimjysoni, pj'oba, and goiddi, sp. n. (A. Adams), the latter briefly characterized 
from Cumingian specimens. Martens, Preuss. Exped. Zool. ii. pp. 32-34; 
Cl. acidus figured, pi. 22. fig. 15. From China Cl. cJiinensis (Pfr.), cccilei 
(Phil.), pluviatilis (Pens.), fortunei (Pfr.), shaugJiaieusis (Pfr.), lorraini 
(Mke.), aadus (Pens.), all briefly characterized, 1. c. pp. 54-5G. 
Clausilia wiillvrstorji, sp. n., Zelebor, Yerhandl. zool.-bot. Gesellsch, 
Wien, xvii. p. 80G, Nicobar Islands. 
Clausilia sumati-ana (Martens), 1. c. p. 379, pi. 22. fig. 17, Sumatra; obesa, 
sp. n., Martens, 1. c. p. 380, locality imknowm , probably from the Indian archi- 
pelago ; moluccmsis (Martens), pi. 22. fig. 19, Ilalmahcra; schwaucri, Bip. n. 
(llorklo(s). Martens, 1. c. p. 382, Porneo; excurrens (Martens), pi. 22. fig. IG, 
Sumatra; shauf/haiemis (Pfr.), /. c. pi. 22. fig. 18, Shanghai; aculus (Pens.), 
pi. 22. fig. 15, Japan and China. The palatal folds qI sumairana,jamm, cx- 
currem, shanghaiensis, and moluccensis are figured, p. 378. 
Claitsilia mallcolata and raimondii, spp. nn., Mai. Platt, xiv. pp. 194, 195, 
pi. 2. figs. 3, 4, and 5-7, mountains of Peru. 
Pupa. The following American species are figured by Tryon, Am. Joum. 
Conch, pi. 21 : — Pupilla badia (Adams), blandi (Morse), variolosa (Gould), 
pmtodon (Say), decora (Gould), rowclli (Newx.), californica (Rowell), Lenco- 
chila marginata fallax (Say), arizonensis {Q&hh),\Jwrdacca (Gabb), modica, 
armifera, contracta, rupicola, corticaria (all of Say), pellucida (Pfr.), Vertigo 
bollcsiana QsIoybq), coypidenta {'Moybq), goiddi (Pinney), milium (Gould), etata 
(Say), simplex (Gould), ventricosa (Morse), finally Zoogeneics harpa (Say). 
Pupa edentida (Prap.) and columella (Penz). Hartmann states that the 
opinion first held by Dr. Ton Wallenberg, Mai. Platt. 1868, v. p. 104, is 
correct, viz. that the former is the young state of the other ; the only objec- 
tion which can bo made is that edentida has been found in many localities 
where columella has not been observed ; but Hartmann accounts for this by the 
fact that the full-grown specimens of this species have a somewhat withered 
dusky appearance, and are never so glossy and dark brown as the young, and 
Iherefore will much more easily escape the eye of man — further, by the general 
rule that young land-snails are more lively, and expose themselves more to 
the open air than full-grown which prefer to remain concealed — and, lastly, 
l)y the observation of an analogous occurrence in Balea perversa, of which he 
])as found many .'specimens not yet full-grown, but very rarely a specimen 
with the aperture quite perfect ; lie has even observed that specimens of 
Balea having only seven whorls, and wanting two more to be full-grown, 
already contain embiyos ; therefore it may be possible that also P. edentula 
produces young before it reaches that stage of age to which the name P. 
columella is applied. G5fvers. K. Vetensk. Akad. Fdrhandl. 18CG, pp. 384-387. 
[We may remark that in some prov inces (for example, the Prussian province 
Prandenburg) hundreds of specimens of edentida have been obtained by Dr. 
Reinhardt under decayed leaves, but not one columella has as yet been found 
ill the same province.] 
