576 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
LiMNiEIDAS. 
LimncBus stagnalis. The extremes of variation in size and form are indicated, 
the apical angle varying froin 10° to 60° j the shortest and stoutest speci- 
mens are known from the Lake of Constance and Neuchatel, and have been 
called L. laeustris ; hut they are connected hy intermediate forms in some 
Bavarian lakes with the common staynalis. Martens, Sitzungsherichte d. 
Gosellsch. naturforsch. Freuude in Berlin, 1807, p. 14. 
Limnoia pseudostag nalis, sp. n., Malzine, Faune Malacol. Belg. p. 94, pi. 2. 
figs. 6, 6, Malines [appears to he a discolom-ed small;;«?<^5ins]. — L. linearis^ 
sp. n., ibid. p. 95, pi. 3. figs. 6-9, Boitsfort, Belgium [may he a very young 
stagnalis\ 
Limnoia truncatula (Miill.), var. armosa^ Gassies, Malacol. Aquit. 1. c. p. 22, 
fig. 4 : shell solid, of violaceous colour j in freshwater pools on the downs to 
the left of the Garonne. — L. glahra (Miill.), var. reticulata^ Gassies, ibid. fig. 5, 
very slender in shape j thin and transparent, like amber, with reticulated 
epidermis j in the pool of Gazan in the same country. 
Limnccus stagnalis, palustris, tnmcatidus, pereger, ovatus, including vulgaris 
(Pfr.), and auricularius are found in Mantchouria. Schrenck, 1. c. pp. 643- 
653. 
Limnams plicatulus (Bens.) and pervius, sp. n., from China, and L. Javani- 
cus (Ilasselt), with the varieties obesus, intumesccns, oliva (Kust.), rubiginosus 
(Michelin) = vcntrmdarius (l*arr.), moussoni = succineusj var. javanica of 
Mousson, longulus (Mouss.), gihbcrulus, spirulatus (Mouss.), are spread over 
the Indian archipelago, and described by v. Martens, Mai. Bliitt. xiv. 
pp. 221 - 226 . 
Binney describes and figures the North- American species in Land- and 
Freshwater Shells, ii. pp. 22-72, and arranges them thus : — 
a. Subgen. proper : stagnalis (L.)y mc\udmgjugidaris(SAy), and 
spcciosa (Rossm.). — L. lepida (Gould). 
h. Subgen. liadlv: ampla (Mighels), decollata (Mighels), and columella 
(Say). . 
c. Subgen. Bulimnca : megasoma (Say). 
d. Subgen. Limnophysa : rejlexa (Sa}’^), attenuata (Say), sumassi (Baird), 
haydeni (Lea), palustris (Miill.), (Lea), desidiosa (Say), emar- 
ginata (^uy^^catascopium (Say), caperata (Say), vahlii (Beck et Moller), 
2nngelii{ldQcV)j wormskioldii Qd'Qvt\\),Jiolhdllii (Beck et Moller), adelincB^ 
(Tryon), vitrea (Ilaldeman), traskii (Tryon), pallida (Adams), hu~ 
limoidcs (Lea), solida (Lea), humilis (Say), ferruginea (llaldem.). 
e. Subgen. Lcptolimnea'''* \ Idrllandiana {hiiu) u\\d lanccata {(doidd). 
f. Subgen. Acella : gracilis (day), named L. luddemani^ by Deshayes, the 
name gracilis being preoccupied for a fossil species. Journ. Conch. 
XV. p. 428. 
Limnoia techella, sp.-n., Haldeman, Am. Journ. Conch, iii. p. 104, pi. 6. 
fig. 4, Texas. — Lymnea sumassi, sp. n., Baird, in Lord’s Naturalist in \'’an- 
couver Island, ii. p. 363, Sumass Prairie, Fraser River, Britisli Columbia. 
Pompholyx effusa (Lea) is distinct from Limncea in liaving two pairs of 
eyes, one at the tip [?], the other at the inner base of the tentacles. Ten- 
tacles rounded, short. Ball, Proc. Calif. Ac. Nat. Sc. 1866, pp. 264-266, 
with woodcut. This statement of the position of the eyes is not confirmed 
by Binney, l.c. p. 74 (woodcut of shell). 
