SCOLECIDA. 
641 
Knauelclrlise” with ova ; .but the Knaueldriise of B. latus is a conglomerate 
of pear-shaped cells, which are imbedded in the connective tissue, q^uite dis- 
tinct from the rounder cells of the ova with their large nucleus. 
The following Entozoa are recorded by Dr. Cobbold (/. c.) as found in the 
dog : — Holostoma alatunij Nitzsch ; Spiroptera sanguinolenta, Rud. j Dochmius 
trigonoceplialus, Duj. ; Triclwsoma plica, Rud. ; Trichocephalus depressiuscu- 
lus, Rud. ; Trichina spiralis, Owen ; Ascaris marginata, Rud. ; Eiistrongylus 
gig as. Dies. ; Bothriocephalus latus, Brem . ; B. cordatus, Leuck. ; B. fuscus, 
Krabbe, var. reticulatus, Krabbe, var. dubius, Krabbej Tamia marginata, 
Batsch ; T. camurus, Kiich. j 2\ cucumerma, Bloch ; T, serrata, Goeze j T. lit- 
terata, Batsch j T, echinococcus, Siebold \ ’ Pentastoma tcmioides, Rud. j and, as 
larval forms, Cysticercus (tclm) cdlulosce, Filaria trispinulosa, and F. sangui- 
nis. Many very interesting facts are given in connexion with these para- 
sites, and some remarks are made as to the bearing of the subject on its rela- 
tion to public health. 
Trematoda. 
' JDistoma hcpaticum. Dr. Stieda (/. c.) gives an account of the anatomy of 
this species, criticising some of the statements of Leuckart in his ^Dio 
mensclilichen Parasiten. ’ These anatomical details do not admit of being con- 
densed. 
Distoma clavatum was met with by Dr. Cobbold (/. c.) in the stomach of 
Xiphias gladius, stranded at Lynn, Norfolk, in August 1865 ; the synonymy 
of this species is given as D. clavatum, Rudolphi=D. coryphcen( 2 ,~RviA = D, 
gigas, Nardo = jPotsc/o/a clavata, Menzies=i^. coryphcence,Bo^Q,= F. fusca, Bose 
—Hirudinella marina, Garsin=A?. clavata, Baird. 
Distoma squamula, Rud. Dr. Zelleii (/. c.) states that in the skin of 
the brown tree-frog he finds very many peculiar little elevations (Knbtchen) 
which do not appear to be as yet described. Out of sixty frogs, which he 
received from Tubingen, better than two-thirds were found with these little 
skin-tumours. From thirty to fifty, and even sometimes a hundred, were 
met with in the same frog. They were met with over the whole surface of 
the body, more especially on the hind legs, on the webbing of the toes, and 
on the belly. They lie just under the skin, were about the size of a common 
pin’s head, and some were of a whitish, others of a more or less brown or 
black colour. They rest in the thickness of the cutis, where they form a 
small cyst. In this cyst is found the Distomum, which appears to corre- 
spond with the D. squamula of Rudolphi. 
Dr. Maddox (/. c.) gives very full anatomical details of the parasite found 
in the nerves of the common haddock, suggesting that it is probably the 
Distohia neuronaia of Monro, and that it may be but a lower phase in the 
development of. G aster ostoma gracilescens (Wagener) found in the intestines 
of Lophius piscatorius, which is Iniown to feed upon haddock and cod, 
Ttichina sqnralis. Dr. Cobbold details a series of experiments with this ne- 
matode, in which he was assisted by Professors Simonds and Pritchard. 
The results obtained by feeding birds on the Trichinre wore negative. The 
TrichinoB were given in an encysted state. A goose that had been fed four 
times on the Trichinae was afterwards eaten by Dr. Cobbold wdthout hesita- 
tion, and, we hope, with impunity. A chicken would have followed the same 
fate, but was found too tough. 
