643 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Dr. Kalmus records a case of Trichinosis as occurring in Briinn, Verhand. 
des naturfors. Verein in Briinn, Bd< v. 1866, pp. 173r-183. 
A quantity of flesh containing Trichinae in an encysted condition was admi- 
nistered to a rabbit, two guinea-pigs, two rats, a dog, a bird of prey, and two 
frogs, while some flesh containing Trichinae in a non~tncysUd condition was 
given to the same number of the same species of vertebrates. Thirty-six days 
after, all the animals were killed and carefully examined, and were all found 
infested with Tiichinae ; but while those in the first category who had fed on 
encysted Trichinae were found to contain large numbers of the parasite (the 
rabbit, guinea-pigs, and rats had their muscles riddled Avith them), those in 
the second category were foimd to have so few as to require a very accurate 
search to discover them. A number of experiments were also tried on rats, 
with the object of determining how the Trichinae entered the muscular sys- 
tem, and with the result that the blood is in all probability not the vehicle of 
their transport ; but that the minute worms, gliding with great facility amid 
the fibres of the intestinal tunics, pierce into all the regions of the body. 
The dog, birds of prey, and reptiles, believed not to be capable of being in- 
fected, are now proved to be subject to infection as other animals. Pregnant 
animals fed on Trichinae did not infect their offspring. Out of thirty-two 
rats caught in Paris three were found infected, though living in a wild con- 
dition. Of 267 subjects examined between 7th April and 4th July 1866 none 
were foimd to contain Trichinae. Goqjon, I, c, p. 520 ct sey, 
Nematoidea. 
Ascaris lumhricoides (L.). A detailed account of the anatomy and deve- 
lopment of this worm will be found given by Leuckart, 1. c, 
Rhahditis tet'ricola. Prof. OlaparSde gives, in the Bibl. Univ. Oct. 26, 1867, 
a notice of a thesis presented to the Faculty of Sciences of Paris by J. Perez, 
which is translated in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xx. 1867, pp. 464-466. 
The phenomena described by Perez in connexion with the development of 
the Rhahditidea are quite similar to those described by Leuckaii; and Mecz- 
nikow, and so guarantee their correctness. lie concludes that the females 
are fitted to reproduce parthenogenetically. Leuckart and Mecznikow regard 
the sexual RhahditidesdiB alternating with a generation of parthenogenetic As^ 
carides deprived of males, while Schneider assumes the alternation of a genera- 
tion with separate sexes (Rhahditides') with an hermaphrodite generation (As~ 
carides). Perez’s views would appear to coincide with those of Leuckart and 
Meczinkow, though, as he does not seem to have suspected the existence of 
hermaphrodite Nematodes, it may still bo questioned wliotlior tlie denomina- 
tion parthenogenetic females, which he applies to these worms, is altogether 
above discussion. 
Spiroytera sanguinolenta^ Hud. Dr. Jones Lamprey (/. c.) records finding 
this parasite in the cavities of the ventricles of the heart in both the native 
and foreign dogs living at Shanghai. The specimens which vrere sent to Dr. 
Baird for examination were many of them ten inches long* Those described 
by Budolphi, Dujardin, and Diesing would appear to have been only from 
one and three quarters to three inches in length. 
Chcetosoma claparedii^ sp. n., Metschnikoff, 1. c. p. 639, Salerno, the sea- 
shore among algae, Taf. 31. fig. 1 (adult female), fig. 2 (adult male). 
Rhabdoyaster cyynoides, Metschnikoff, c. p. 642, Salerno, Taf, 3], 
fig. 9 (adult female). 
