656 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
EupyrguSy Liitken ; and 3. Synaptidce for all the other genera of 
lungless Holothuroids. 
The following new species are described by Semper (/. c.) : — Synapta molestUy 
I c, p. 9, tab. 4. lig. 13, tab. 6. fig. 22, tab. 6. fig. 8, tab. 7. fig. 3, Bohol j S. 
pseudo-digitata, 1. c. p. 9, tab. 4. fig, 12, tab. 7. fig. 3, Bohol, fifteen fathoms, 
muddy bottom j S. dtihia, 1. c. p. 10, tab. 4. fig. 11, tab. 5. fig. 14, tab. 8. fig. 
4. Bohol ) S. similis, 1. c. p. 10, tab. 3. fig. 2, tab. 4. fig. 14, tab. 0. figs. 1-3, 
tab. 7. figs. 6, 6, tab. 8. fig. 1, Bohol, in the slime of the mangrove swamps j 
5. grisea, 1. c. p. 11, tab. 4. figs. 6, 7, Bohol, four to six fathoms ; S. glahruy 
1. c. p. 12, tab. 2, tab. 4. fig. 8, Bohol j S. nigra, 1. c. p. 12, tab. 4. fig. 9, Bohol, 
on the reef ; S. reticulata, 1. c. p. 13, tab. 4. figs. 4, 6, tab. 6. figs. 12 & 23, tab. 
6. fig. 9, Bohol, eight fathoms j 8. indivisa, 1. c. p^l3, tab. 4. fig. 1, Zamboanga j 
S. recta, 1. c. p. 14, tab. 4. figs. 2, 3, tab. 6. fig. 18, tab. 8. fig. 2. 
Semper (1. c. p. 11) mentions the occurrence of Synapta heselii, Jager, 
throughout the islands of the Philippine. The species is figured on tab. 1, 
and the details of its anatomy in plates G, 7, & 8. 
Semper (/. c. p. 15) remarks that Synapta hefersteinii, Selenka, is the only 
species of the genus with more than twenty tentacles, and contrasts this inter- 
tng intermediate form with several other species of the same genus. 
The following new species are described by Selenka {I, c.) : — Synapta kefer- 
deinii, 1. c. p. 360, Taf. 20. figs. 120, 121, Sandwich Isles ; S. agassizii, 1. c. p. 
361, Taf. 20. figs. 122a & h, Friendly Isles S. gracilis, I, c. p. 363, Taf. 20. 
figs. 123, 124, Massachusetts Bay, S. albicans, 1. c. p. 363, Taf. 20. fig. 125, 
California. 
Synapta viridis, Pourtalez (1851), is described as S. pourtalesii, Selenka, 
there being already a S. viridis described by Lesueur (1825). 
Anapta, gen. nov.. Semper, 1. c. p. 17. Body slender, worm-like. Tenta- 
cles proportionally very small, finely plumed. Thickly beset with small 
knots or papillm, which in the living state are whitish, and contain no trace 
of anchors or wheels. The only secretions of the integument are biscuit- 
shaped plates of the same form as those which occur also in the ordinary 
Synaptm, near the anchor and miliary plates. 
A. gracilis, sp. n., p. 17, tab. 8. lig. 1, tab. 4. fig. 15, tab. 5. figs. 16, 1 7 & 26, 
tab. 7. figs. 7, 8, tab. 8. figs. 8, 13 & 15, in sand, from the Gulf of Manilla. 
Leptosynapta. Under this generic name, Verrill (/. c. p. 325, footnote) 
proposes to separate from the typical species of Synapta {S. mammillosa, 
Esch.) such species as S. tenuis, Ayres, of New England, and S, mhcerens of 
Europe. These are distinguished by their more slender form, the absence of 
prominent verrucse, fewer (12), shorter, and more digitate tentacles, &c. X. 
tenuis may be regarded as the type. Eschscholtz himself referred such spe- 
cies to his genus Chirodota, from the typical species of which they differ in 
having minute calcareous hooks in the skin for adhesion. The typical spe- 
cies of Synapta have fifteen tentacles and prominent verruca). 
Heterosynapta is proposed as a new genus by Verrill (/. c. p. 346, foot- 
note) for H. viridis, Lesueur ; it has four simple and eight pinnate tentacles ; 
its skin contains small calcareous hooks, as in Leptosynapta. It has the habit 
of clinging to algae &c., instead of burrowing, like most others of this 
family. 
Chirodota. Semper, 1. c., describes the following new species : — C. rigida, 
/.<>. p. 18, tab. 3. fig. 3, tab. 0. figs. 3 &J3, tab. 6. fig. 4, ttifi. 8. fig. 11, in holes 
