ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
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rived from that of the inhabitants of Santa Catharina at the time of its dis« 
covery — the Oarijds. C. rupicola^ sp. n., F. Miill. 
Solmogorgia^ g. n., Genth, 1. o. p. 433. Stem smooth, somewhat pliant, 
solid, perforated by nutritive canals ; branches and ramules provided with 
flat appendages j the edges of these are so grown together that the branches 
and ramules appear hollow, but the first and later portions are free ; polyps 
arranged in two rows, the under surface and middle line of the branches and 
ramules remaining freej each polyp is seated in a tolerably well-defined 
eight-rayed disk or cup j the interior of the whole stem is pervaded by the nu- 
tritive canals, with the exception of a small not very well-defined axis appearing 
in the branches ; spicula, with the exception of those of this axis, free. In 
the substance of the middle portion of the whole stem there is an occa- 
sional development of horny material. S. ttihidosa, sp. n., Genth, from the 
Philippines. 
Dr. J. E. Gray has described an Alcyonarian (from the same habitat aa 
Solenocaulon tortuosum) which is very like Genth’s species j but there are se- 
veral points of difference. 
The systematic position of this genus is, according to Genth, among the 
Qorgoniid(Bj and in the subfamily BriareaeecB, M.-E. (vide Kolliker’s ^ leones 
Histologicae,’ ii. p. 141, or ^Zool. Kecord,’ 1866, p. 626), 
Corallium. Gray, /. c., divides this genus as follows ; — 
1. Corallium, The polypes slightly elevated from the bark, and scattered 
on all sides of the branches. C. ruhruniy Lam. Mediterranean. 
2. Pleurocorallium. The coral branching in a plane ; the polypes scarcely 
raised, confined to one surface, mostly near the apex of the very small branch- 
lets, and often in twos. P. secundmiij Dana. Sandwich Islands ?? 
3. Hemicorallium, The polypes prominent, ovate cylindrical, often clus- 
tered, all distributed on one side of the branches. H. johnsonif Gray (wood- 
cut, 1. c, p, 126), Madeira. 
ZOANTHARIA. 
Actiniideej subfam. Zoanthince. 
Gray, 1. c. p. 234, describes the following new genus, which he places near 
Palythoa : — 
Pales. Body cylindrical, isolated, solitary, clustered, or sometimes proli- 
ferous, but each specimen having a separate base j outer skin smooth, thin, 
olive-brown, slightly concentrically wrinkled j the tentacles numerous j the 
internal laminco numerous, slender, only slightly elevated, straight and pa- 
rallel above, with a thickened edge and sinuous below. P. cliftoni, sp. n., 
Western Australia, fig. 1, p. 236. 
Sphenopus marsupialis, Steehstrup, is figured and described by Gray (/. o, 
pp. 235, 236, figs. 2-6). The specimens on which the species was founded 
came from Tranquebar j those figured by Dr. Gray from Pulo Faya, in the 
China seas/ and from Massachusetts Bay, U.S. America. 
Epizoanthus. Gray establishes this genus (I, c. p. 237) for Zoanthus couchii, 
var. diffusa, Gosse, and Carolid (1. c, p. 230) for Z. couchii, var. linearis, 
Gosse. 
Triga, g. n.. Gray, 1. c. p. 239. The coral subcylindrical, clavate, solitary, 
attached, with a rather expanded base ; outer coat coriaceous, sandy, concen- 
