670 
ZOOLOGICAL LITERATURE. 
Sarcotragus, Sdt. : S. spinulosus, Scliinidt, Spong. Adriat. p. 35. Stematumeniaf 
Bowerb. : S. bahamensis (Gray), 1. c. p. 611. 
Bam. 6. DysiDEiDiB. Sponge massive, formed of reticulated horny fibres, 
with sand (or the spicula of other sponges) imbedded in the centre, and 
covered with a more or loss thick coat of horny matter. 
Genus ; — Dysidea, Johnst. : D.fragilis, Johnston (Gray, l.o. p. 611), 
Fam. 6. Ohalinidje. Skeleton formed of regular, reticulated, anastomo- 
sing, horny fibres, which have one or more series of regular small sili- 
ceous spicules in the central lines. 
Genera: — Chalinaj Bowerb.: C. oculata (Johnst.) (Gray, 1. c. p. 612). 
Orthodictya, g. n.. Gray : O. cinerea ( J ohnst.) (Gray, /. c. p. 612 & p. xiv) . Hidi- 
spmgiay Bowerb. : H. cavernosa (Gray), (Gray, 1. c. p. 612). Acanilidla^ Sdt. : 
A. acutaj Schmidt, Spong. Adriat. p. 06. Tragosia, g. n.. Gray : T. infundi- 
huliformis (Linn.), Gray, 1. c. p. 613. Clathria, Sdt. : C. comyressa, Schmidt, 
Spong. Adriat. p. 68. Axinella, Sdt. : A. cinnamomea (Nardo), Schmidt, 
Spong, Adriat. p. 61. Astrospongia, g. n.. Gray : A, polypoides (Schmidt), 
Spong, Adriat. p. 62. Astrostoma, g. n., Gray : A. howerhankiij Gray, 1. c. 
p. 614. 
Fam. 7. OpinsTOSPONGiAD.a3. Skeleton horny, reticulated j fibres cylin- 
drical, or more or less flattened and expanded, scattered with external 
diverging spicules. 
Genera ; — Ophistospongia, Bowerb. ; 0. australis, Gray, /. c. p. 615. Soria- 
tula, g. n.. Gray ; S. seriata (Grant), Gray, 1. c. p. 616. Ectyon, g. n.. Gray : 
E, aparsus, Gray, 1. c. p. 616. Acarnia, g. n.. Gray : A. cliftoni (Bowerb.), 
Gray, 1. c. p. 616. Ncenia, g. n.. Gray : N. verticillata (Bowerb.), Gray, 1. c, 
p. 616. Eaphyrus, Bowerb. : E. griffithsii, Bowerb. 
Fam, 8. pHAKELLiAD.aB. Sponge expanded, cup-shaped or flabellatej spi- 
cula in bundles, cylindrical, numerous, with a closely netted horny 
skeleton, forming branched and rebranched lines, which do not inoscu- 
late. 
Genus : — PhaheUia, Bowerb. : P. ventilalnm (Linn.), Gray, 1. c. p. 610. 
Order III, LEIOSPONGIA. Sponges with all the spicules of the same 
kind, often varying more or less in size and form, but always modifica- 
tions of the most simple kind of spicules defensive and retentive 
spicules nearly always absent. 
Fam. 9. HALiCHONDBiADja. Sponge massive, skeleton composed of cylin- 
drical, fusiform, or pin-shaped spicules, often varying in form in the 
same sponge, variously fasciculated together, or rarely single, and united 
by a small quantity of horny matter. Sarcode fleshy or granular. 
Genera : — Reniera, Sdt. : R. thomasii (Bowerb.), Gray, 1. c. p. 618. Hali- 
chondria, Flem. : H. panicea (Johnst.), Gray, I, c, p. 519. Dictyoeylindrus, 
Bowerb. : D. hispidus (Mont.), Gray, 1. c. p. 619. Aaptos, Gray : A. adria- 
tica, G(my=Ancorma aaptos, Sdt., Gray, 1. c. p. 619. Halisarca, Bowerb., 
Gray (not Duj. nor Sdt.) : H. dujardinii, Johnst. ?, Gray, 1. c. p. 620. Lieher- 
kuhnia, Bal.-Criv. : L. agagrophila, Bal.-Criv., Gray, 1. c. p. 620. Tedania, 
Gray : T. digiiata (Sdt.), Gray, 1. c, p. 620. Oroidea, Gray : O. oroides (Sdt.), 
Gray, 1. c. p. 620. Prianos, Gray : P. amorphus (Sdt.), Gray, /. c. p. 620. 
Schmidtia, Bal.-Oriv. : S. jiciformis, Bal.-Criv., Gray, /. c. p. 621. Crella, 
Gray ; C. elegans (Sdt.), Gray, 1. c. p. 621. Sophax, Gray ; S. fallax (Bow- 
erb.), Gray, I, c, p. 621, Epicles, Gray : E. radiatus (Bowerb.), Gray, 1. c. 
