GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
121 
river Jenisei, are described and figured by Friedr. Schmidt, Mdm. Petersb. 
xviii. 1. pp. 48-G7, pi. 4. 
The abundance of animal life in the deep sea (at the coast of 
Norway), 200-300 fathoms, urged in 1864 by the late M. Sars 
in opposition to Prof. Forbes, is maintained, and several remark- 
able forms from thence {Pecchiolia, Gonieolis) described from his 
posthumous MSS. by his son, G. O. Sars. University -pro- 
gramme, Christiania, 1872, pp. vii & viii and [Conchiferaj 
Cephalophora) pp. 23-40. 
The mollusks found near Drbbak, in the Christiania-fjord, arc 
enumerated by W. G. Brogger according to the depth in which 
they have been found, as follows : — 
a. From 80 to 120 fathoms (mud), 42 species, viz. 23 
Bivalves, 4 Solenoconchia, and 15 Gastropods; or 34 Arctic 
and 8 Boreal species. 
h. From 70 to 40 fathoms (also mud), 131 species, viz. 
2 Brachiopods, 49 Bivalves, 5 Solenoconchiaj and 75 Gastropods ; 
of which 64 are Arctic, 44 Boreal, and 23 Lusitanian. 
c. From 40 to 10 fathoms, in the so-called Coralline 
zone *, 127 species, viz. 3 Brachiopods, 63 Bivalves, 1 Denta- 
lium, and 60 Gastropods ; or 47 Arctic, 48 Boreal, and 32 Lusi- 
tanian. 
d. From 5-10 fathoms, in the laminarian zone, 38 species, 
viz. 2 Brachiopods, 18 Bivalves (no Dentalium), and 18 Gas- 
tropods, or 16 Arctic, 9 Boreal, and 13 Lusitanian. 
Therefore in the greater depths the Bivalves and Solenoconchia 
are relatively prevalent, in the middle depths the Gastropods, 
and there is very regular increase of Lusitanian (southern) and 
decrease of northern species from beneath upwards. 
Verkruzen’s ^Norwegen, seine Fjorde und Naturwimder, eine natur- 
wissenscliaftliche Reise ’ (Oassel : 1872, 8vo, 188 pp. 1 pk) contains several 
papers on dredging, and (pp. 164-188) a complete list of the marine Mollusca 
of Norway. 
31 species of sea-shells dredged in the German seaN.W. of Heligoland are 
enumerated by W. Kobelt. Nachr. mal. Ges. 1872, pp. 66-58. 
Some marine mollusks observed on the German shores of the North Sea are 
mentioned by A. Metzger. JB. Ges. Hannov. xxi. pp. 23-26. Lutraria 
elliptica (Lam.) and Solen siliqun(h-)f which in other localities live in shallow 
water, have here been found only at a depth of 20-22 fathoms. 
Some new Nudihranchia from Brittany are described by Hesse. J. do 
Conch. XX. pp. 345-349. 
In notes on dredgings in the fosse du Cap Breton,’’ P. Fischer and 
L. DE Folin (C. R. Ixxiv. p. 750, and .1. Zool. i. p. 360) mention Dentalimn 
gradUy Nassa semistriata, and Lucina Jlexuosa at a depth of 100-260 fathoms. 
28 species of Nudibranchs, some of them new, 1 Pulmonate marine 
* This term, originated by M. Sars in 1836, is taken from the sea-plant 
Corallina officinaliSf not from the true Corals. — E. v. M. 
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