462 
CaSLENTERATA. 
cit, V. 1871 . 46 pp., 2 pis. Abstracts in Arch. Sc. Nat. 
1872; Q. J, Micr. Sc. xii. pp. 248-254; Ann. Sc. Nat. (5) 
xvi. 8j pp. 13-21 & 39-42. 
12. Keuss, a. E. von. Die fossilen Korallen des osterr. un- 
garischen Miocans, Denk. Ak. Wien, xxxi. pp. 197-270, 
pis. 1-21. 
Important also for the student of recent corals. 
13. Sars, G. O. On some remarkable forms of animal life from 
the great deeps off the Norwegian coast, i, Christiania : 
1872. 
14. Semper, C. Ueber Generationswechsel bei Steinkorallen, 
und liber das M. Edwards^sche Wachsthumsgesetz der 
Polypen (zugleich ein Beitrag zur Fauna der Philippinen) . 
Z. wiss. Zool. xxii. pp. 235-280, pis. 16-21. 
15. Verrill, a. E. On the affinities of Palteozoic Tabulate 
Corals with existing species. Am. J. Sc. (3) iii. pp. 187- 
194; Ann. N. H. (4) ix. pp. 355-364. 
litiTKEN’s paper on Antipathca arotica is translated in Ann. N. II. (4) x. 
pp. 77-83. MOnteu’s popular lecture, * Ueber Oorallenthiore ’ (Berlin; 
1872), is of no particular scientific importance. 
Anatomy and Evolution, 
The last chapter of Kolliker’s monogi’aph (6) contains an account of the 
general results of the special investigations on the anatomy of the Pennatulidce. 
Edioardsia. Allman, Q. J. Micr. Sc. Ixii. pp. 394 & 395, records facts in 
the anatomy of this Actinozom tending to show that it difiers in many im- 
portant points from both the Zoantharian and Alcyonarian polypes. He re- 
gards it as a very distinct type, occupying an intermediate position between 
these, and also to be compared with the extinct rugose corals of the palaeozoic 
rocks, to which it corresponds in the numerical law of its body-segments, and 
of which it might in some respects he regarded as a living non-coralligerous 
representative. According to A. Agassiz, Am. Nat. vi. pp. 770 & 771, 
Arachnactis is only its juvenile or larval state. 
Lacaze-Duthiers (9) has elucidated the evolution and morphological 
structure of the Actmiid<^j reconciling what was hitherto partially known 
of the bilateral evolution of their tentacles, mesenteroid septa, &c., with their 
typical radiary arrangement in cycles or multiples of G. His observations 
were made on Actinia equina {mesemhryanthemuni), Sagartia bellis and ^ro- 
glodyteSf and Bunodes gemmacea. Hermaphroditism appears to be normal in 
the ActinicCf ova and spermatozoa being developed in alternating septa, or in 
the same individual septum. The ciliated embryo first gets a mouth, then 
2 primary septa perpendicular on the oral slit, dividing the body into two un- 
equal parts ; soon 2 septa appear in the greater half, the number of compart- 
ments being now 4 (l-f3); the lesser half is then divided in the same 
manner, making the number 6, hut only for an instant, 2 new septa (in all 8) 
appearing ou the other side of the primar}'^ ones, and so alternately, until the 
