480 
jpaoTozoA. 
v^ith Hyalmcmay IloUeniiij and Pheronemaf is elucidated by Carter (7). 
Gray (13) malies it the type of a new family of Cordlliospongia’^— 
Meyerinidce. 
Crateromorpha (g. n.) meyeri, Gray, Philippines. A detailed specific de- 
scription is given by Carter (7). The generic characters are pointed out in 
the following manner by Gray (13), who makes it the type of a second new 
family of “ Coi'aUiosimigia rater omo)pkidce. Sponge attached, goblet- 
shaped } body hollow, vasiform, with a circular mouth, swollen at the 
bottom, placed at the top of the stem, and of a very different structure from 
it, the line of demarcation being distinctly marked. Vase rather dilated and 
thick at the bottom, very thin towards the edge, which is terminated by a 
very thin membrane-like margin. The outer surface of the base pierced with 
cylindrical cavities, and covered with a minute network formed of the 4 rays 
of sexradiate spines, which are so placed as fo form square meshes. Internal 
cavity large, reaching nearly to the bottom of the vase, and furnished at the 
base with large irregular oscula, which become smaller, more regular, and 
oblong-lanceolate about the middle and circular in the upper part, gradually 
diminishing in size as they approach the margin. Stem thick, with nume- 
rous parallel longitudinal tubular spaces in a felt of spicules, covered ex- 
ternally with a layer of short robust ones arranged longitudinally, and on 
this, again, the minute network with square meshes of the club, ending below 
in a multitude of spiculiferous filaments extending into the sandy mud. 
Dorvillia {Tisiphoma, W. Thoms, j Stellata, O. Schm.) agariciformis, Kent, 
of .which Wyvillethotnsonia wallichi, Wr., is perhaps the embryonic con- 
dition, is now referred to Tethya, but its difference from T. muricata, Bow., 
upheld against Bowerbank (2) : Kent (16) [<^.Zool. Ilec. vii. p. 506]. 
Calcareous Sponges. 
The following is a synopsis of the ‘‘natural” genera and species of the 
Calcispongice, after Iliickel (14) (already briefly discussed in Zool. Rec. viii. 
pp. 480 & 481 ). The number after the names of species indicates the number 
of “ generic varieties.” 
I. Fam. Ascones. Body- wall thin, perforated by unstable dermal pores, 
not by permanent channels. 
1. TI. i spiculis 3~cruri bus. A. primordialisjll. (17), cosmopolitan, 
coriacea, Mont. (8), west coast of Europe, clathrii&j Schm., Adriatic, sceptrumy 
II., Newfoundland, hlanca, Mikl. (7), Canaries, Brazil, Philippines, vesicida, 
II., Sandwich Islands, sagittaria, II., Gretit Belt,j^e.ri7/s, H., Singapore. 
2. Ascilla, II. : spiculis 4-cruribus. A. gracilisy II. (6), California, 
II., Japan. 
3. Ascyssa, II. ; spiculis simplicibus. A. troglodytes (2), Capri, acuferuj H., 
Spitzbergen. 
4. Ascaltisy II. : spiculis 3- et 4-cruiibus. A. canariensis, II., Canaries, 
cerehrumy II., Adriatic, darwiniy II., Indian Ocean, lamarckiy II., Atlantic, 
gegenlaiiriy II. (3), Messina, goethUy II., Naples, hotryoides, II., Atlantic, 
JEurope. 
5. Ascortisy II. ; spiculis 3-cruribus et simplicibus. A. horrida, Schm., Flo- 
rida, lacumstty Bean, Great Britain,/rt6rim, Schm., Greenland, Newfoundland, 
coridlorhmiy II., Greenland, Norway, II. (2), North Atlantic. 
