26 
University of California Publications in Zoology [Vol. 27 
Methods of Taking Measurements 
CAUDATA 
(See fig. G) 
Total length, from tip of muzzle to end of tail. 
Tail length, from posterior margin of anal opening to tip of tail. 
Snout to gular fold, taken in straight line from tip of muzzle to center of gular 
fold. 
Greatest width of head, taken transversely over greatest swelling of jaw 
muscles. 
Orbit, longitudinal axis of orbit over anterior and posterior surfaces at juncture 
of eyelids. 
Interorbital space, taken transversely where convex surfaces of orbits approach 
most closely. 
Foreleg, from juncture of leg with body to tip of longest digit, both leg and 
digits being extended laterally to greatest extent. 
Hand, from proximal end of flexed hand (at ‘wrist’) to tip of longest digit. 
Axilla to groin, from posterior surface of fore limb at juncture with body to 
anterior surface of hind limb. 
Hind leg, as for foreleg. 
Hind foot, from proximal end of flexed foot (‘heel’) to tip of longest toe. 
SALIENTIA 
(See figs. H and I) 
Head-and-body, length from tip of muzzle to skin on posterior surface of ischial 
symphysis. 
Length of head, taken in straight line from most anterior part of tip of muzzle 
to posterior edge of tympanic membrane. 
Width of head, taken transversely across angles of jaws. 
Orbit, longitudinal axis of orbit over anterior and posterior surfaces at junc- 
ture of the two eyelids. 
Interorbital space, taken transversely where convex surfaces of orbits approach 
one another most closely, the position of cranial crests being disregarded. 
Forearm, from proximal tip of radio -ulna (olecranon process) to surface of 
hand, both segments being flexed. 
Hand, from proximal end of flexed hand to tip of longest finger. 
Femur, from posterior edge of ischial symphysis to distal end of femur, the 
tibio-fibula being flexed. 
Tibia (= tibio-fibula) , from convex surface of ‘knee’ to convex surface of 
‘heel,’ both tibia and tarsus being flexed. 
Tarsus, measured over convex surfaces of heel and metatarsus, both tarsus and 
metatarsus being flexed. 
Whole foot, from convex surface of flexed ‘heel’ along extended and flattened 
surface of tarsus and foot to tip of longest (fourth) toe. 
