I 925 ] Storer: A Synopsis of the Amphibia of California 
23 
Alpine California (the high central Sierra Nevada) has one sala- 
mander, one toad, one hyla, and one frog (of these, all but the hyla 
being distinct forms). 
The southeastern desert fauna has no salamander, four toads, one 
hyla (only in canons), and one frog (locally, in rivers). 
The California amphibian fauna, so far as the habits and require- 
ments of the species are known at the present time, may be divided 
as follows with respect to ecologic requirements : 
Completely aquatic species : 
?Ascaphus truei 
Essentially aquatic species, requiring permanent bodies of water, 
leaving only in the adult condition and then but seldom : 
?Ambystoma macrodactylum Eana aurora draytonii 
liana aurora aurora Eana catesbeiana (introduced). 
Essentially aquatic species which spawn in streams ; the adults live 
close to streams : 
Hyla arenicolor Eana boylii muscosa 
Eana boylii boylii 
Species which live in marshy situations close to standing or run- 
ning water: 
FBufo alvarius Eana pretiosa pretiosa 
Eana boylii sierrae Eana pretiosa luteiventris 
Eana pipiens 
Species which spend but a short time in the water, the adults being 
otherwise terrestrial : 
Estimated time in water in 
egg and larval stages 
Ambystoma calif orniense 
Scaphiopus hammondii 
Bufo boreas boreas 
Bufo boreas halopliilus 
Bufo canorus 
Bufo cognatus cognatus 
Bufo punctatus 
Bufo woodhousii 
Hyla r eg ilia 
3 months or less 
5 weeks 
4-6 weeks 
6-8 weeks ± 
Species with long aquatic larval stage, followed by alternate terres- 
trial and aquatic stages of varying length : 
Triturus torosus Dicamptodon ensatus 
? Ambystoma paroticum 
