1925] Storer: A Synopsis of the Amphibia of California 
77 
Dicamptodon ensatus (Eschscholtz). Marbled Salamander 
(PI. 1, fig. 2 ; pi. 7, fig. 14; pi. 8, fig. 19; text figs. O, Y) 
Triton ensatus Eschscholtz (part 5, 1833, p. 6, pi. 22). Original descrip- 
tion, type from central California, possibly near Fort Boss, Sonoma 
County; followed (pp. 6-12, pi. 22) by anatomical description by 
Batlike. 
Triton ensatus, Baird (1850, p. 288). Monograph. 
Amblystoma tenebrosum Baird and Girard (1852&, p. 174). Type locality, 
Oregon. 
Xiphonura tenebrosa, Girard (1858, pp. 14-15, pi. l[figs. 9-17]). General 
account. 
Amblystoma tenebrosum, Cope (1867, pp. 202-204). Monograph. 
Dicamptodon ensatus, Strauch (1870, pp. 68-69). Dicamptodon new genus, 
type Triton ensatus Eschscholtz. 
Amblystoma (?) tenebrosum, Cope (1883, p. 24). Larvae at Baird. 
Clnondrotus tenebrosus, Cope (1887a, p. 88; 1889, pp. 111-114, pis. 22, 23, 
24 [figs. 1-3], pi. 25 [fig. 3], pi. 48 [figs. 7, 8], text fig. 24). General 
account. 
Triton ensatum, Van Denburgh (1916, p. 221). Nomenclature. 
Amby stoma tigrinum, Fowler and Dunn (1917, pp. 8-9). Locality records. 
Ambystoma tenebrosum, Stejneger and Barbour (1917, p. 11). Bange; 
footnote on the name Dicamptodon ensatus. 
Ambystoma ensatum, Grinnell and Camp (1917, p. 139, fig. 1). Bange in 
California. 
Ambystoma ensatum, Dunn (1920, pp. 55-56). Structure and nomen- 
clature. 
Dicamptodon ensatus, Dunn (1922a, pp. 418 et. seq.). Structure of sound- 
transmitting apparatus, and phylogeny. 
Dicamptodon ensatus, Stejneger and Barbour (1923, pp. 7-8). Bange. 
Diagnosis. — Size large, largest of the California salamanders ; total 
length np to 287 millimeters (ll 1 ^ inches) ; skin everywhere smooth; 
costal folds 12, faintly indicated; limbs heavy; vomerine teeth post- 
erior to internal nares, in nearly transverse row bulging slightly 
forward at the center where divided; color pattern above ‘marbled’ 
with dark brown and black. 
Comparisons. — Distinguished from other species of California 
salamanders by large size (smallest metamorphosed example at hand 
122 millimeters in total length) and by marbled pattern of coloration; 
from Plethodontidae by lack of teeth on parasphenoid bone ; from Sala- 
mandridae by presence of conspicuous teeth on vomers disposed cross- 
wise behind internal nares ; from Ambystoma macrodactylum by larger 
size, proportionately shorter digits, and 12 instead of 11 costal folds; 
from Ambystoma paroticum by larger size, absence of conspicuous 
parotoid glands, and 12 instead of 10 costal folds; from Ambystoma 
calif brniense by larger size, marbled instead of spotted coloration, 
straighter rows of vomerine teeth, and 12 instead of 11 costal folds. 
Description (based upon no. 8573, Mus. Vert. Zool., in life). — 
General form robust throughout; head thin in profile, truncate as 
viewed from above ; canthus rostralis rounded ; snout above flat, steep 
