1925] St over: A Synopsis of the Amphibia of California 
105 
ante-orbital region in length; upper eyelid broad and thick; inter- 
orbital space flat, its width three-fourths or more of length of orbit ; 
conspicuous furrow running backward from posterior margin of orbit 
on side of head ; angle of jaw at or behind posterior margin of orbit ; 
lower jaw oval to nearly semicircular in outline; chin region slightly 
convex ; gular fold very conspicuous, continuing up side of neck, and 
nearer insertion of fore limb than orbit ; fore limb moderate ; exposed 
portion of upper arm shorter than forearm; palm short; two meta- 
carpal tubercles, inner slightly larger ; digits short, depressed, rounded 
at tips, in order of decreasing length, 3, 2, 4, 1 ; body slightly swollen 
at midlength; costal folds 10, shallow; hind limb decidedly heavier 
than fore limb, femur shorter than tibia; sole broad; toes flattened, 
rounded at tips, in order of decreasing length, 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 ; tail quad- 
rate-oval in section at base, constricted just behind anus, compressed 
oval toward tip where rounded above and sharp-edged below, lateral 
furrows inconspicuous. 
Lower jaw thin (as compared with Aneides ) ; tongue thin, sub- 
triangular in outline, anterior end pointed, greatest width about half 
that of mouth at angles of jaws, attached along midline for anterior 
two-thirds of length to floor of mouth ; internal nares small, set in 
from lateral margin of jaw ; maxillary and mandibular teeth numerous 
and minute, lining margins of jaws to angle of mouth; vomerine teeth 
on two long arcs, meeting medially, extending laterally to sides of 
upper jaw, convex border anteriorly touching posterior border of 
internal nares ; parasphenoid teeth in two elongate patches juxtaposed 
anteriorly, diverging posteriorly, slightly separated from vomerine 
teeth; teeth on jaws, vomers and parasphenoids all small, slenderly 
conic, and slightly curved. 
Surfaces of body generally smooth ; palms and soles slightly 
roughened. 
Color (in alcohol) of upper and lateral surfaces blackish (black 
in life), marked with numerous large and small irregular spots and 
blotches of dull yellowish brown, these up to 3X5 mm. on tail ; 
adjacent spots sometimes confluent ; eyelid chiefly yellow ; under- 
surface of body, dusky yellowish brown. 
Measurements of Specimens of Ensatina croceater from the West Slope of 
the Sierra Nevada in California 
M. V. Z. 
No. 
Date 
Total length 
Length of tail 
Snout to gular 
fold 
Greatest width 
of head 
Orbit 
Interorbital 
space 
Fore leg 
Hand 
Axilla to groin 
Hind leg 
Hind foot 
5618 1 
Aug. 
1915 
63 4 
18.4 
12.0 
4.6 
3.4 
20.0 
6.8 
28 
7374 2 
Mar. 
13, 
1920 
91 
35 
16.7 
10.2 
4.3 
3.5 
16.0 
6.0 
27 
18.4 
8.4 
7370 2 
Mar. 
5, 
1920 
115 
46 
18.0 
11.7 
4.4 
3.8 
21.0 
7.7 
37 
21.0 
9.3 
7372 2 
Mar. 
13, 
1920 
116 
54 
17.0 
10.2 
4.0 
3.5 
17.0 
7.0 
29 
19.5 
8.0 
8245 3 
June 
1 , 
1903 
123 
47 
19.0 
12.8 
5.4 
4.5 
20.6 
8.0 
36 
22.3 
11.0 
7368 2 
Mar. 
— , 
1920 
128 
55 
20.2 
12.3 
4.2 
3.0 
19.0 
8.0 
37 
23.5 
10.6 
1 4 mi. sw. Nelson, 6500 ft., Tulare Co. 3 Giant Forest, 6000 ft,. Tulare Co. 
2 North Fork, Madera Co. 4 Head-and-body only 
