1925] Storer: A Synopsis of the Amphibia of California 119 
redwood forest near Carlotta, Humboldt County, on July 26, 1923 
(nos. 9156, 9157, Mus. Vert. Zool.). Numerous specimens of Batrach- 
oseps attenuaius, Ensatina eschscholtzii, and Triturus torosus were 
found in the same locality. 
There are two young specimens in the collection of the California 
Academy of Sciences: No. 29067, Trinidad, Humboldt County, May 
18, 1911, measures 33 millimeters in total length, and no. 28502, 
Comptche, Mendocino County, April 27-30, 1911, is 34 millimeters 
long. These either overwintered as exceptionally small individuals or, 
if but recently hatched, indicate that the breeding season of ferreus 
is earlier in the year than with the other two mainland members of 
the genus. 
The next size-group above the two individuals mentioned is about 
60 millimeters in total length. 
Aneides flavipunctatus (Strauch). Black Salamander 
Plethodon flavipunctatus Strauch (1870, pp. 71-72). Original description, 
type from New Albion [probably the coastal portion of Sonoma County], 
California. 
Plethodon flavipunctatus, Boulenger (1882b, pp. 55-56). 
Plethodon iecanus Cope (1883, pp. 24-25). Type locality, Baird, Shasta 
County, California. 
Aneides iecanus, Cope (1886, p. 526). Generic allocation. 
Plethodon iecanus, Townsend (1887, pp. 240-241). 
Plethodon flavipunctatus, Cope (1889, p. 145). 
Autodax iecanus, Cope (1889, pp. 187-189, text fig. 46). General account. 
Autodax iecanus, Van Denburgh (1895b, pp. 776-778). Range; breeding 
habits; eggs. 
Autodax iecanus, Ritter and Miller (1899, p. 696). 
Plethodon flavipunctatus, Yan Denburgh (1916, p. 221). 
Aneides iecanus, Grinnell and Camp (1917, pp. 135-136, fig. 2). Range. 
Aneides iecanus, Stejneger and Barbour (1917, p. 21; 1923, p. 18). Range. 
Diagnosis. — Size small among California salamanders, total length 
up to 97 millimeters (3% inches) ; temporal muscles swollen (small 
in young) ; maxillary and mandibular teeth enlarged ; costal folds 12 ; 
distal portion of tail strongly compressed; general coloration black, 
with few fine white dots chiefly on lateral and lower surfaces of body. 
Comparisons. — Distinguished from other California salamanders 
except Plethodontidae by presence of naso-labial groove ; from 
Batrachoseps [w T hich it resembles in some respects] by presence of 5 
digits on hind foot, by 12 instead of 15 or more costal folds, by com- 
pressed form of tail, by absence of reddish stripe along back, and by 
presence of small white spots on body; from Ensatina by 12 instead 
of 10 costal folds, larger maxillary and mandibular teeth, and black 
coloration ; from Aneides lugubris ssp. and A. ferreus by more slender 
body, compressed form of tail and black instead of dark red body 
coloration. 
