132 University of California Publications in Zoology [Vol. 27 
adult Aneides in an aquarium containing well-aerated water but 
where the animal could not reach the surface. It lived about 53 hours, 
gradually becoming exhausted. A terrestrial example of Triturus 
torosus subjected to similar conditions lived for more than six days 
without visible signs of discomfort, although it perished after sixteen 
days of confinement. The embryonic Aneides seems better able to 
survive in an aquatic environment, as an embryo shelled out of its 
capsule on September 12 (1903) lived in the water until September 
28, and another lived for thirty days under similar circumstances 
(Miller, MS). 
An adult Aneides dropped into water usually struggles violently 
to regain the surface, but its movements are more like those of a lizard 
than of an aquatic salamander. Miller (MS) noted that specimens 
treated in this manner suspended the rapid pharyngeal respiratory 
movements seen in the animals when on land, and there was no move- 
ment of particles in the water which might suggest the presence of a 
respiratory current. In the case of one Aneides dropped into water, 
bubbles of air appeared at once on the sides of the body, and with 
another, similar bubbles appeared after being immersed for some 
seconds. This phenomenon suggests cutaneous respiration. The 
former animal was kept in the water for 60 minutes and the pinkish 
coloration of the body became slightly blue, suggesting imperfect 
oxygenation of the blood. 
This salamander is strictly nocturnal in its activities. I have 
never seen an individual away from cover during the daylight hours. 
Captive specimens in terraria spend the day hidden under any avail- 
able shelter, and come forth only after complete darkness; they are 
then quite active. The iris is black in this species while in Triturus 
torosus, which is active to some extent in the daytime, the iris is 
yellow. Miller (MS) visited a tree cavity known to be inhabited by 
Aneides at Berkeley an hour after full darkness had set in ; the ani- 
mals were still in the cavity though near the entrance. Only once 
have I come upon the animal at night. About the first of November, 
1921, one was picked up as it walked across a sidewalk in Berkeley at 
about 11 p.m. The animal was at a distance of several feet from the 
nearest suitable cover, and hence was probably out foraging. 
This species exhibits a strong negative phototropism and positive 
thigmotaxis. Upon throwing the rays from a lamp into a terrarium 
where specimens of Aneides are crawling about at night the animals 
retire quickly into any sort of shelter available. An individual placed 
