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University of California Publications in Zoology [Vol. 27 
ders had been found beneath a pile of boards near the east end of the 
island. The lighthouse attendants were well acquainted with the 
species, saying that the salamanders ‘ ‘ came out at night. ’ ’ Mr. Fred 
Zimmermann of the station kindly consented to get some specimens 
for me and on September 6, 1922, I received two living examples from 
him. These formed the basis of the color description given above. In 
general behavior these animals were like examples of the mainland 
subspecies from Berkeley which have been handled in captivity. If 
anything, the island animals were even more active by daylight than 
the Berkeley Aneides under similar conditions. 
On October 26, 1922, Dr. H. C. Bryant collected a series of eleven 
specimens of this salamander. These specimens (nos. 8588-99, Mus. 
Yert. Zool.) exhibit the annual growth of the subspecies fairly well. 
They range from 39 to 126 millimeters in total length. Three which 
measure 39 and 40 millimeters are undoubtedly of the 1922 brood 
(compare measurements of newly hatched lugubris at Berkeley). One 
with a blunt (regenerated?) tail, 53 millimeters in total length, and 
a normal individual 62 millimeters long, are taken to represent the 
‘ yearling’ class. Five others 101 to 112 millimeters in length are either 
three or four years of age and one is 126 millimeters and hence four 
or five years old. 
There is a limited amount of insect life on South Farallon and this 
evidently suffices for the needs of the Aneides. At the present time 
shelter is afforded under piles of boards, and in the basements of 
buildings ; under original conditions cavities under loose rocks and 
deserted burrows of sea birds were available. There have been no 
native trees on South Farallon in historic times and so the salamanders 
have of necessity been required to be terrestrial in habit. The smaller 
size of the tail in the island stock probably reflects lessened use of 
that member as compared with the tail in the mainland stock. 
The Farallon Islands lie in a general line of continuation of the 
mountains of Monterey County, the exposed rocks on the islands 
resembling to some degree the rocks at the northwestern tip of Mon- 
terey County, and the sea terraces, as pointed out by Blankenship (in 
Blankenship and Keeler, 1892, p. 146), on South Farallon and at 
Carmel are at closely corresponding levels. It is possible that the 
islands represent a series of high peaks, in general continuation of the 
Santa Lucia Range, which have been all but submerged in the most 
recent subsidence of the Coast Range. Interest in the geological 
aspect of the Farallones is heightened by the discovery in 1919, by a 
