1925] Storer: A Synopsis of the Amphibia of California 
145 
remaining rows single and continuous across mouth region, individual 
teeth progressively smaller in lower rows; numerous minute rounded 
papillae on lower lip; a soft flap of skin at either side of mouth (fig. 
KK). Color in alcohol, brownish black with a bluish iridescence on 
body (based on 40 mm. larva, no. 8502, Mus. Vert. Zool.). 
Measurements of Adult Specimens of Ascaphus truei from Staircase Camp, 
Mason County, Washington, Collected July 1, 1922 
M. V. 
Z. No. 
Sex 
Head-and-body 
length 
Tip of muzzle to 
angle of jaw 
Width of head 
Orbit 
Interorbital space 
Forearm 
Hand 
g 
a> 
h 
Tibia 
Tarsus 
j Whole foot 
8496 
9? 
40.5 
13.1 
15.8 
5.8 
4.2 
10.8 
10.5 
17.6 
20.5 
13.5 
28.5 
8497 
d 1 
41.0 
13.0 
14.3 
7.5 
4.0 
10.0 
9.5 
16.4 
20.0 
12.0 
28.5 
8498 
d 1 
41.4 
12.8 
14.7 
6.0 
3.8 
10.0 
10.2 
17.3 
19.8 
12.8 
29.2 
History .—Ascaphus truei was described in 1899 on the basis of a 
specimen collected in western Washington by Cloudsley Rutter on 
August 19, 1897. 
Range . — This distinctive amphibian has been found in a limited 
area on the northwestern coast of North America between the crest of 
the Cascade Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. In Washington it has 
been found in creeks near Lake Cushman, in Mason and Jefferson 
counties (Gaige, 1920, pp. 2-4), at Hump tulips, Chehalis County 
(Stejneger, 1899, pp. 900-901), at North Bend, King County, altitude 
2000 feet (Van Winkle, 1922, pp. 4-6), on Mount Rainier, Pierce 
County, near Reflection Lake, altitude about 4861 feet, and at Indian 
Henry’s Hunting Ground, altitude about 6000 feet (Van Denburgh, 
1912c, pp. 259-260). In Oregon it has been found on Red Creek in 
the Santiam National Forest, Linn County, altitude 3000 feet (Camp, 
1917$, pp. 13-14). The southernmost locality of record and the only 
one to date for California is Craggy Peak, Siskiyou Mountains, Sis- 
kiyou County, 5000 feet altitude (Grinnell and Camp, 1917, p. 140). 
Life-history . — The important points in the life-history of this 
remarkable amphibian have been ascertained by Mrs. Gaige (1920) 
who spent several weeks studying the species in creeks near Lake 
Cushman, Mason County, Washington. More than one hundred indi- 
viduals were obtained in the course of this study. Practically all of 
the adult toads were found in flowing mountain streams where the 
water was of low temperature (usually under 40° F.) and where the 
