170 University of California Publications in Zoology [Vol. 27 
Bufo halophilus, Townsend (1887, p. 241). At Baird. 
Bufo columbiensis, Cope (1889, pp. 267-271, text figs. 63-64), part. Gen- 
eral account. 
Bufo halophilus, Stejneger (1893, p. 220, pi. 3 [figs. 3 a-b]). Locality 
records. 
Bufo boreas nelsoni, Stejneger (1893, pp. 220-221, pi. 3 [figs. 4a-fr]), 
part. Locality records. 
Bufo halophilus, Dickerson (1906, pp. 113-116, pis. 41-43). General 
account. 
Bufo columbiensis, Mearns (1907, pp. 133, 138). 
Bufo halophilus, Storer (1912, pp. 89-91, 1 fig.). General account; food. 
Bufo columbiensis, Hurter (1912, p. 67). In Orange County. 
Bufo boreas halophilus, Camp (1917&, pp. 115-117). Critical; range. 
Bufo boreas halophilus, Grinnell and Camp (1917, pp. 142-143, fig. 4). 
Range in California. 
Bufo boreas halophilus, Stejneger and Barbour (1917, p. 27; 1923, p. 24) 
General range. 
Bufo boreas halophilus, Grinnell and Storer (1924, pp. 655-657, pi. 60a). 
In Yosemite region. 
Diagnosis. — Size large, head-and-body length up to 109.5 milli- 
meters (4% inches); form stout; no cranial crests (occasionally 
developed in large individuals) ; skin only slightly roughened between 
warts ; parotoid glands moderate, slightly greater than orbit in length ; 
warts rounded ; metatarsal tubercles blunt ; spread of hind foot from 
tip of first toe to tip of fifth toe usually less than 36 per cent of head- 
and-body length. 
Comparisons. — Distinguished from other California Salientia ex- 
cept Bufonidae by well developed parotoid glands; from Bufo 
alvarius, cognatus, and woodhousii by absence of cranial crests, from 
Bufo punctatus by larger size and by larger, higher and rounded 
warts; from Bufo canorus by longer parotoid glands separated by 
more than width of one gland, by larger size, and by different pattern 
of coloration; from Bufo boreas boreas by smaller adult size, lesser 
spread of hind foot, and by lighter coloration dorsally with few or no 
dark speckles between black markings on dorsal surface. 
Description (based on fully adult specimens from southern and 
central California listed in tables of measurements). — Size large, form 
stout, limbs short and stocky ; muzzle truncately oval in outline from 
above, truncate in profile; external nares nearly terminal, opening 
laterally or anteriorly ; canthus rostralis passing above external naris, 
its length about two-thirds that of orbit; orbit moderate, about one- 
half length of head ; interorbital region concave, width varying from 
less than half to more than two-thirds length of orbit; cranial crests 
usually absent [occasionally developed in large individuals, for ex- 
ample, no. 4133, Mus. Vert. Zool. ; crests then rectangular, longitud- 
inal elements strictly parallel between orbits, transverse element of 
each running laterally to above tympanic membrane] ; parotoid glands 
low, irregularly oval in outline, slightly posterior to orbits, placed 
well down on side of neck region and separated by 1 % to 1% times 
length of orbit; tympanic membrane below anterior part of parotoid 
gland, broadly oval or nearly round in outline, longer axis vertical and 
about two-thirds length of orbit; lower jaw bluntly oval, sometimes 
