188 University of California Publications in Zoology [Vol. 27 
Comparisons. — Distinguished from all other California Salientia 
by combination of divergent cranial crests, short widely separated 
parotoid glands, and narrow-edged inner metatarsal tubercle; from 
Scaphiopus hammondm by horizontally instead of vertically elliptical 
pupil, roughened dorsal surface, and presence of conspicuous parotoid 
glands and cranial crests; from Bufo alvarius, Bufo b areas ssp., Bufo 
canorus, and Bufo punctatus, by presence of angular cranial crests 
together with conical warts; from Bufo woodhousii by greater angle 
between cranial crests, by presence of raised boss joining crests on 
muzzle, by shorter, more oval, and relatively higher parotoid glands, 
by smaller warts on dorsal surface, shorter hind foot, and by restric- 
tion of vocal sac to midpart of lower throat region (compare pi. 11, 
figs. 31a, 31&) ; from Bufo cognatus calif ornicus by presence of ex- 
ternal cutting tubercle on hind foot, and by lack of large green spots 
on dorsal surface. 
Description. — General form stocky ; head thick in profile, greatest 
thickness about two-thirds its own length ; outline of head from above 
acuminate oval ; muzzle short, less than length of orbit, slanting in 
profile, rounded at tip ; external nares at tip of muzzle, opening anter- 
iorly; canthus rostralis not always developed; orbit proportionately 
large, half length of head; interorbital region moderate, somewhat 
concave ; cranial crests well developed, closely approximated anteriorly 
where joined to distinct raised nasal boss, thicker and widely divergent 
posteriorly; preorbital crest slight; postorbital crest conspicuous, 
meeting longitudinal segment of crest at an obtuse angle, and extend- 
ing laterally to above tympanic membrane; tympanic membrane ver- 
tically oval, longer axis about half length of orbit, sometimes over- 
hung by margin of parotoid gland ; parotoids short, oval, length about 
one and one-half times that of orbit, slightly divergent posteriorly, 
in contact with transverse segment of cranial crest anteriorly ; lower 
jaw oval in outline; vocal sac of male not occupying chin but emerging 
as a bladder-like structure centrally at base of throat; body evenly 
rounded, nearly as wide as long; fore limb moderate, fully half of 
upper arm included in body skin ; forearm slightly longer than hand ; 
hand stout ; one large flat palmar tubercle ; fingers short, in order of 
decreasing length, 3, 1, 2, 4 ; first finger stoutest ; ventral surface of 
fingers with many small tubercles; most of femur buried in body 
skin ; tibia slightly shorter than femur ; tarsus about two-fifths length 
of foot; two conspicuous dark-edged metatarsal tubercles, inner one 
much larger and with free cutting edge ; toes small, in order of 
decreasing length, 4, 3, 5, 2, 1 ; plantar surface of foot much smoother 
than that of hand. 
Tongue ovate, small end forward, width about half that of mouth 
at angle of jaws, attached by anterior half to floor of mouth ; internal 
nares small, pyriform, far forward in mouth. 
Nasal boss and upper labial region smooth ; parotoid glands 
smooth; eyelids and dorsal and lateral surfaces of body and exposed 
surfaces of hind limbs, covered with many closely placed rather sharp- 
pointed warts less than 2 mm. in diameter at base ; warts on fore limb 
smaller and lower ; ventral surface of body irregularly areolate. 
