1925] Storer: A Synopsis of the Amphibia of California 191 
A map in the volume containing” Yarrow and Henshaw’s 1878 paper 
shows this town. 
In Arizona cognatus has been found at Tucson (Stone, 1911, p. 
223) and Camp Crittenden, Pima County (Yarrow, 1875, p. 521), at 
Phoenix, Maricopa County (Dickerson, 1906, pi. 31), and at Yuma 
(Van Denburgh and Slevin, 1913, p. 395). In old Mexico it has been 
reported from Coahuila (Yarrow, 1883, p. 165). In California this 
toad lives along the Colorado River from Fort Yuma to Needles (Mus. 
Vert. Zool.), and in the Salton Sea region at Mecca (Grinnell and 
Camp, 1917, p. 141), and at Brawley (Mus. Vert. Zool.). The Cali- 
fornia Academy of Sciences has specimens from Blythe and Coachella. 
Cognatus seems not to have been found in the Great Basin; at least 
no records are at hand from either Nevada or Utah. 
Life-history . — Practically nothing is on record concerning the life- 
history of this species. Dickerson (1906, pp. 93, 101) says of speci- 
mens in captivity that the voice of cognatus is decidedly unmusical. 
The male . . . ‘talks’ in a voice resembling the squawk of a toy doll. This 
squawk of the Bufo cognatus is much like the sound produced by Bufo halophilus 
of California. The harsh note is given over and over again at brief intervals until 
the cause of the annoyance is removed. The pitch of the note is low, ranging 
from B to A below middle C. In the midst of the harsh low-pitched notes, the 
toad sometimes surprises one by giving a cry pitched about two octaves above 
(usually A). 
As shown in a photograph (Dickerson, 1906, fig. 100) the peculiar 
vocal pouch of Bufo cognatus can be distended to tremendous size, 
equaling a third the bulk of the body. 
The collection of cognatus at hand includes 25 specimens from 
southeastern California. Of these one (no. 4354, Mus. Vert. Zool.) 
taken July 13, 1909, measures only 17.5 millimeters in head-and-body 
length; it is obviously of the year’s brood and but recently meta- 
morphosed. A second size-group includes individuals from 27.8 to 
41.0 millimeters in length; these I take to be ‘yearlings.’ A third- 
category ranges from 47.6 to 73 millimeters, while there is one measur- 
ing 80.5 millimeters. Thus four years, at least, seem to be required 
to attain full size. The third category probably includes two age- 
groups. Dickerson (1906, p. 101) says that “judging from the series 
of decidedly different sizes of this toad found in the spring, at least 
five years must be required for full growth to be attained.” There 
may be a size-group above that represented in the California material, 
as Ellis and Henderson (1913, p. 56) list two specimens from Jules- 
